Fig. 5

Effect of HS, CS, and KS isolated from cartilages on murine chondrocyte phenotypes. Articular chondrocytes were grown in the absence (cells alone) or in the presence of HS, CS, or KS (2.5 μg/mL) isolated from cartilages of control donors (CT) or osteoarthritis patients (OA), or in the presence of IL-1β (1 ng/mL). RQ-PCR analysis of the mRNA expression levels of catabolic markers, MMP3 (a), MMP13 (b), TS4 (c) and TS5 (d); anabolic markers, COL2 (e), ACAN (f), and SOX9 (g); and a hypertrophic marker, VEGF (h), reported to HPRT1 expression level (housekeeping gene) and compared to the basal condition (cells alone) defined as 1 (or 100%). Data is presented as the mean of 9 values obtained from 3 independent experiments in CT (n = 3 samples) and OA (n = 3 samples) cartilages. The statistical significance of the differences was determined using an ordinary one-way ANOVA test followed by pairwise comparisons using the Dunnett test compared to cells alone (*) and by a t test between CT GAG and OA GAG ($). Significant P values: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001, ****< 0.0001, ^$< 0.05, ^$$< 0.01, ^$$$< 0.001, ^$$$$< 0.0001