Fig. 2

Effects of chebulinic acid (CI) treatment (50 mg/kg once daily orally for 14 days) on clinical disease progression in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). a Considerable reduction of joint erythema and swelling of both front and rear limbs. b Mean paw diameter in CI-treated mice compared to untreated control mice (data are expressed as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 versus control, ANOVA with repeated measures). c Mean articular index at the beginning and end of CI treatment, i.e., from days 0–14, comparing to untreated control (data are expressed as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 versus control, ANOVA with repeated measures). d Significantly reduced mean articular index in CI-treated mice compared to the untreated control group on day 20, i.e., on day six after completion of treatment (CI vs control at day 20, *p < 0.05). Mice untreated had increased mean articular index (day 20 vs 0, *p < 0.05), while mice treated with CI had reduced articular index (day 20 vs 0, *p < 0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, ANOVA with repeated measures. The figure is representative of 12 (6 = untreated control mice; 6 = CI-treated control mice) separate experiments undertaken in different animals with similar results