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Table 5 Cytokine secretion of activated CD3+CD4+CD8− T cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and joint-derived samples (SF, SM)

From: Proinflammatory T cell polarization is already present in patients with early knee osteoarthritis

 

PB

SF

SM

p values

PB:SF

PB:SM

SF:SM

n

9

9

9

   

Th1 (IFN-γ)

14.2 (12.3–24.6)

55.8 (40.1–85.6)

42.8 (19.0–53.8)

0.008**

0.038*

0.051

Th2 (IL-4)

0.6 (0.5–1.9)

2.9 (1.1–4.0)

2.0 (1.6–4.7)

0.008**

0.008**

0.953

Th17 (IL-17A)

0.9 (0.7–1.5)

1.6 (0.8–2.2)

2.0 (1.2–2.2)

0.678

0.086

0.678

  1. Percentage rates of CD3+CD4+CD8− T cells stained positive for IFN-γ (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), and IL-17A (Th17) are shown for the peripheral blood (PB), synovial fluid (SF), and synovial membrane (SM) of patients with early OA. Intracellular markers were stained with APC-labeled anti-IFN-γ (clone B27), FITC-labeled anti-IL-4 (clone MP4-2502), and PE-labeled anti-IL-17A (clone N49-653). Data is shown as median (IQR). Significant differences are marked with asterisks: *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01