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Table 2 Disease, activity, and periodontal characteristics with respect to anti-CCP antibodies

From: Association between periodontitis and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study

 

Anti-CCP negative (N = 55)

Anti-CCP positive (N = 109)

p value

Total

(N = 164)

Median time evolution (P25;P75) years

7.3 (2.0; 12.0)

6.6 (2.5; 11.8)

0.852

6.8 (2.4; 11.9)

Early RA (less than 2 years)

14 (26%)

23 (21%)

0.529

37 (23%)

Established RA

41 (75%)

88 (81%)

0.361

129 (79%)

Rheumatoid factor

 Seropositive

25 (46%)

95 (87%)

< 0.001

120 (73%)

RF titers (I.U./mL)

63.0 (90.48)

234.5 (392.73)

< 0.001

177.33 (334.32)

 Low (<  90)

38 (72%)

43 (41%)

 

81 (51%)

 Moderate (91–300)

14 (26%)

40 (38%)

 

54 (34%)

 High (> 300)

1 (2%)

23 (22%)

 

24 (15%)

Level of activity

 DAS28 (SD)

3.47 (1.31)

3.98 (1.34)

0.023

3.81 (1.35)

 DAS28-CRP (SD)

2.95 (1.15)

3.30 (1.22)

0.069

3.19 (1.21)

 SDAI (SD)

12.16 (8.97)

15.77 (11.63)

0.045

14.56 (10.92)

 CDAI (SD)

10.92 (10.37)

13.65 (10.51)

0.116

12.73 (10.51)

Disease activity categories

  

0.122

 

 Remission

16 (29%)

20 (17%)

 

34 (21%)

 Low

12 (22%)

21 (19%)

 

33 (20%)

 Moderate

23 (42%)

51 (47%)

 

74 (45%)

 High

4 (7%)

19 (17%)

 

23 (14%)

Glucocorticoid therapy

  

0.700

 

 No glucocorticoids

29 (53%)

54 (49%)

 

83 (51%)

 Glucocorticoids

26 (47%)

55 (51%)

 

81 (49%)

 Current dosage GC (SD) (mg/d)

2.84 (4.50)

3.19 (4.39)

0.636

3.07 (4.42)

 Current dosage GC

  

0.239

 

  Low < 7.5

49 (89%)

93 (85%)

 

142 (86%)

  Moderate 7.5–20

4 (7%)

15 (14%)

 

19 (12%)

  High > 20

2 (4%)

1 (1%)

 

3 (2%)

Type of RA therapy

  

0.577

 

 No treatment

4 (7%)

6 (6%)

 

10 (6%)

 sDMARDs

25 (46%)

62 (57%)

 

87 (53%)

 ≥ 2 sDMARDs

19 (34%)

31 (28%)

 

50 (31%)

 bDMARDs

7 (13%)

10 (9%)

 

17 (10%)

Periodontitis*

  

0.276

 

 Level 0

–

4 (4%)

 

4 (3%)

 Level 1

31 (56%)

53 (49%)

 

84 (51%)

 Level 2

24 (44%)

52 (48%)

 

76 (46%)

Periodontitis**

  

0.422

 

 No

–

2 (2%)

 

2 (1%)

 Stage I

8 (15%)

18 (17%)

 

26 (16%)

 Stage II

21 (38%)

33 (30%)

 

54 (33%)

 Stage III

16 (29%)

25 (23%)

 

41 (25%)

 Stage IV

10 (18%)

31 (28%)

 

41 (25%)

 Stages III+IV

26 (47%)

56 (51%)

0.370

82 (50%)

Mean PI

22.4 (13.3)

3.01 (19.7)

0.001

28.1 (18.2)

Mean PPD

2.99 (0.48)

3.16 (0.70)

0.069

3.10 (0.64)

CAL

3.72 (0.85)

4.16 (1.43)

0.015

4.01 (1.28)

Tooth Loss***

5.89 (5.06)

6.47 (5.53)

0.516

6.27 (5.37)

N° PPD ≥ 5 mm

11.64 (11.02)

16.93 (19.63)

0.029

15.15 (17.37)

% PPD ≥ 5 mm

0.09 (0.09)

0.14 (0.16)

0.014

0.12 (0.15)

% BoP

0.58 (0.19)

0.65 (0.24)

0.055

0.63 (0.23)

  1. Data represent numbers, percentages, mean (SD), or median (P25;P75)
  2. Anti-CCP anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, bDMARD biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, CAL clinical attachment level, CDAI Clinical Disease Activity Index, CRP C-reactive protein, DAS28 28-joint Disease Activity Score with ESR, DAS28-CRP 28-joint Disease Activity Score with CRP, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GC glucocorticoids, N° PPD ≥ 5 mm number of pockets ≥ 5 mm, PI plaque index, PPD probing pocket depth, RA rheumatoid arthritis, RF rheumatoid factor, SDAI simplified disease activity index, SD standard deviation, sDMARDs synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, % BoP percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, %PPD ≥ 5 mm: percentage of pockets ≥ 5 mm
  3. *Levels of periodontitis according to Tonetti’s classification (2005)
  4. **Levels of periodontitis according to Tonetti’s classification (2018)
  5. ***Tooth Loss: number of missing teeth
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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