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Table 1 Summary of included PE vs no PE RCTs in this review

From: Efficacy of plasma exchange for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Source

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

No. of patients

Interventions

Primary outcome

PEXIVAS 2020 [17]

New or relapsing GPA or MPA; PR3 or MPO-ANCA positive; renal or pulmonary involvement

Age < 15 year; pregnancy; vasculitis other than MPA or GPA; anti-GBM disease; dialysis for greater than 21 days prior to randomisation or prior renal transplant; prior PE in 3 months; use of CYC, rituximab, or high dose GC prior to randomisation*

704, MPA or GPA (no data of percentage)

PE† [(a) centrifugation or filter separation, (b) 3–5% albumin or fresh frozen plasma, (c) 60 mL/kg, (d) 7 sessions over 14 days] vs no PE

The composite of the death or ESRD

Szpirt et al., 2011 [28]

At least 2 of the following 3 criteria (i) WG-clinical manifestations at least 2 organs, (ii) histology-proven WG, (iii) positive ‘C-ANCA/PR3-ANCA’

No description

32

GPA (100%)

PE† [(a) filter separation, (b) 3% albumin in Ringer’s lactate, (c) 4 L, (d) 6 sessions every other day. If high ANCA titre after 6 sessions, 3–6 sessions were added.] vs no PE

Renal progression, ESRD, improvement of renal function, remission, relapse, death

Zäuner et al., 2002 [31]

The clinical picture of type II or III RPGN [33]; Had not treated previously with immunosuppression or PE.

Type I RPGN [33]

39, MPA (18%), GPA (67%) or type II RPGN (15%)

PE† [(a) no description, (b) fresh frozen plasma, (c) 40 mL/kg, (d) the mean 6 sessions (range, 3–12).] vs no PE

The composite of the death or ESRD, renal function, extrarenal manifestation, adverse events

Pusey et al., 1991 [30]

Impaired renal function; Focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescents; a diagnosis of WG, MPA or IRPGN

Concomitant vasculitis other than AAV; anti-GBM disease; underlying chronic glomerulonephritis; previously treated with intravenous GC, oral CYC or PE*

52, MPA (42%), GPA (48%) or IRPGN (10%)‡

PE† [(a) centrifugation, (b) 5% albumin, (c) 4 L, (d) 5 times within the first week. Mean 9 sessions (range 5–25).] vs no PE

ESRD, death, serum creatinine, improvement of renal function

  1. RCT randomised controlled trial, PE plasma exchange; GPA granulomatosis with polyangiitis, MPA microscopic polyangiitis, GBM glomerular basement membrane, CYC cyclophosphamide, GC glucocorticoid, ESRD end-stage renal disease, WG Wegener’s granulomatosis, RPGN rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, IRPGN idiopathic RPGN
  2. *Partially omitted
  3. †The detailed methods of PE are described in parentheses. (a) Separation method, (b) replacement fluid, (c) dose per session, and (d) number of sessions
  4. ‡Since 4 of 52 did not have data about the type, they are the ratios in 48 patients