Table 3 Safety outcome reporting of gout flare prophylaxis and therapy use with renal function stratification

 AKDAG 2006 [17]

Yes

Colchicine toxicity in the context of antibiotic use (clarithromycin and cefepime) for pneumonia. Besides worsening renal function, there was associated mild pancytopaenia and liver impairment.

 ALAYLI 2005 [18]

Yes

Colchicine neuromyopathy in the context of concomitant statin use.

 ALTMAN 2007 [20]

Yes

Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis.

 BONNEL 2002 [22]

Yes

Fatal colchicine toxicity with rapidly deteriorating renal function and death.

 BOUQUIÉ 2011 [24]

Yes

Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis with acute decompensation of pre-existing double heart/lung transplant and multi-organ failure.

 ELEFTHERIOU 2008 [28]

Yes

Colchicine toxicity with multi-organ failure in the context of concomitant long-term cyclosporin therapy for heart transplant.

 GARROUSTE 2012 [29]

Yes

Colchicine toxicity with neuromyopathy and multi-organ failure in the context of concomitant long-term cyclosporin use for renal transplant.

 HUH 2013 [31]

Yes

Colchicine toxicity with gastrointestinal symptoms and neuromyopathy in the context of concomitant long-term cyclosporin use for renal transplant and statin use.

 JUSTINIANO 2007 [32]

Yes

Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis in the context of concomitant statin use.

 KUBLER 2000 [33]

Yes

Fatal colchicine toxicity with multi-organ failure and death.

 LAI 2006 [35]

Yes

Colchicine neuromyopathy.

 LEE 1997 [36]

Yes

Acute myopathy in the context of concomitant cyclosporin use for renal transplant.

 LY 2007 [37]

Yes

One patient with CKD (serum creatinine of 0.21 mmol/L) developed colchicine myopathy.

 MEDANI 2016 [39]

Yes

Colchicine neuromyopathy.

 NEUSS 1986 [44]

Yes

Fatal colchicine toxicity with myopathy, multi-organ failure, severe neutropaenia with associated disseminated candidiasis and death.

 PATEL 2016 [46]

Yes

Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis in the context of statin use and initiation of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir therapy for Hepatitis C.

 RIEGER 1990 [49]

Yes

Colchicine neuromyopathy in the context of acute stage of post-renal transplant and cyclosporin use.

 WILBUR 2004 [53]

Yes

Colchicine neuromyopathy.

 YOON 2001 [55]

Yes

Colchicine toxicity with associated pancytopaenia, neuromyopathy and total alopecia.

 ZAGLER 2009 [57]

Yes

Colonic perforation and acute on chronic CKD.

 ADLER 2007 [67]

No

Anakinra treatment: adverse event was not reported.

 AOUBA 2015 [68]

Yes

Anakinra treatment: 1 patient with mild injection site reaction, transient diffuse pruritus and episodic diarrhoea.

 BARTOV 2013 [69]

Yes

Anakinra treatment: adverse event was not observed.

 DIREZ 2012 [71]

Yes

Anakinra treatment: non-complicated neutropaenia.

 LOUSTAU 2018 [76]

Yes

Anakinra treatment: 1 patient with an infection (nosocomial pyelonephritis). No other adverse event was observed.

 MAROTTO 2018 [77]

Yes

Canakinumab treatment: adverse event was not observed.

 PEREZ-RUIZ 2013 [81]

Yes

Anakinra treatment: 1 patient with recurrent heart failure. No other adverse event was observed.

 TRAN 2011 [83]

Yes

Anakinra treatment: adverse event was not reported.

 KAHL 1989 [84]

Yes

Acute kidney injury with sulindac and indomethacin use.

 SCHLONDORFF 1993 [86]

Yes

Acute kidney injury with indomethacin use.

 ZAGLER 2009 [57]

Yes

Colonic perforation and acute on chronic CKD.

 TAUSCHE 2011 [95]

No

Adverse event was not reported.

 ZAGLER 2009 [57]

Yes

Colonic perforation and acute on chronic CKD.