|
Variables
|
No. of studies
|
Number of enrolled episodes
|
Effects model
|
I2 (%)
|
OR/SMD (95%CI)
|
P values
|
Relationship
|
Publication bias (P value of Begg’s test)
|
|---|
|
Demographic and clinical characteristics
|
|
Age
|
7
|
243
|
Fixed
|
0.0%
|
0.35 (0.08, 0.61)
|
0.010
|
Increased risks
|
None (1.000)
|
|
Female
|
4
|
189
|
Fixed
|
42.6%
|
0.69 (0.31, 1.54)
|
0.369
|
No association
|
None (0.734)
|
|
Disease duration
|
6
|
226
|
Fixed
|
0.0%
|
0.28 (0.01, 0.55)
|
0.042
|
Increased risks
|
None (0.260)
|
|
Lupus nephritis
|
3
|
140
|
Random
|
58.4%
|
5.45 (0.52, 56.95)
|
0.160
|
No association
|
None (0.296)
|
|
NPSLE
|
3
|
124
|
Fixed
|
42.2%
|
0.96 (0.43, 2.15)
|
0.920
|
No association
|
None (1.000)
|
|
Laboratory data and disease activity
|
|
Platelet
|
6
|
219
|
Random
|
69.1%
|
− 0.29 (− 0.86, 0.29)
|
0.328
|
No association
|
None (0.260)
|
|
Drop of hemoglobin
|
5
|
202
|
Random
|
57.5%
|
0.34 (− 0.17, 0.85)
|
0.190
|
No association
|
None (0.806)
|
|
C3
|
3
|
132
|
Random
|
77.0%
|
0.48 (− 0.51, 1.46)
|
0.340
|
No association
|
None (1.000)
|
|
SLEDAI
|
6
|
186
|
Random
|
76.9%
|
0.24 (− 0.52, 0.99)
|
0.540
|
No association
|
None (1.000)
|
|
Comorbidity and treatment
|
|
Infection
|
6
|
223
|
Fixed
|
37.5%
|
2.77 (1.55, 4.95)
|
0.001
|
Increased risks
|
None (0.260)
|
|
CTX treatment
|
6
|
224
|
Random
|
75.5%
|
0.74 (0.16, 3.41)
|
0.700
|
No association
|
None (1.000)
|
|
IVIG treatment
|
3
|
175
|
Random
|
61.2%
|
1.28 (0.24, 6.87)
|
0.780
|
No association
|
None (0.296)
|
|
Plasmapheresis
|
5
|
167
|
Fixed
|
14.6%
|
1.96 (1.04, 3.70)
|
0.038
|
Increased risks
|
None (0.806)
|
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
8
|
262
|
Fixed
|
23.3%
|
6.11 (3.27, 11.39)
|
< 0.0001
|
Increased risks
|
None (1.000)
|
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, DAH diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, OR odds ratios, SMD standardized mean difference, NPSLE neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus, C3 complement 3, SLEDAI systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, CTX cyclophosphamide, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin
