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Table 4 Causal effects of dietary habits on serum urate: significant Mendelian randomisation results only

From: The comparative effect of exposure to various risk factors on the risk of hyperuricaemia: diet has a weak causal effect

Dietary pattern description

SNP number

Inverse-variance-weighted MR

MR Egger

Weighted median MR

β (mmol/L) (95% CI)

PIVW

PHet

Intercept (mmol/L)

PIntercept

β (mmol/L) (95% CI)

PWM

Preferentially drinking skim milk (vs. any other milk type)

3

0.050 (0.032; 0.068)

3.8 × 10− 08

9.5 × 10− 03

−1.6 × 10−3

0.26

0.051 (0.026; 0.075)

3.8 × 10− 05

Consuming tub margarine (vs. no spread use)

3

−0.025 (− 0.034; − 0.015)

1.3 × 10− 07

3.1 × 10− 05

−2.4 × 10− 3

0.15

− 0.017 (− 0.032; − 0.001)

0.039

Preferentially drinking milk with a higher fat content*

8

−0.044 (− 0.063; − 0.024)

1.5 × 10− 05

5.8 × 10− 03

1.2 × 10−4

0.87

−0.053 (− 0.070; − 0.036)

2.1 × 10− 09

Dried fruit (pieces per day)

25

−0.018 (− 0.028; − 0.008)

3.6 × 10− 04

0.001

-6 × 10−5

0.77

−0.024 (− 0.035; − 0.013)

3.1 × 10− 05

  1. SNP number indicates the number of variants included in the instrumental variable
  2. PHet indicates the level of heterogeneity observed between the variants included in the instrumental variable
  3. *Preferred milk type (skimmed vs. semi-skimmed vs. full cream) as a quantitative variable