A meta-analysis of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis across time and space

Li, Katherine J.; Semenov, Daniel; Turk, Matthew; Pope, Janet

doi:10.1186/s13075-021-02450-w

Arthritis Research & Therapy

Table 1 Characteristics and research quality of studies reporting the incidence (average per 100,000 over 50 years old), prevalence (average per 100,000 over 50 years old) and mortality (average per 1000 people over 50 years of age) of GCA

From: A meta-analysis of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis across time and space

Epidemiological study category	First author (citation)	Year	Location	Latitude (°N)	STROBE	Total patients	Rate
Mortality	Andersson R	1986	Sweden	57.71	20	90	29.17
Mortality	Baslund B	2014	Denmark	55.33	21	1787	26.3
Mortality	Belvedere LM	2016	Italy	49.28	–	280	21.84
Mortality	Bengtsson BA	1981	Sweden	57.70	17	90	28.89
Mortality	Bisgard C	1991	Denmark	56.36	18	34	40.72
Mortality	Boesen P	1987	Denmark	55.33	18	46	27.17
Mortality	Brekke LK	2015	Norway	60.39	–	820	13.51
Mortality	Brekke LK	2016	Norway	60.39	–	820	13.81
Mortality	Catanoso M	2014	Italy	44.70	–	285	15.59
Mortality	Catanoso M	2017	Italy	44.70	19	285	16.76
Mortality	Crow R	2009	USA	40.76	21	44	34.09
Mortality	Diamantopoulos AP	2014	Norway	58.14	22	212	18.87
Mortality	Graham E	1981	UK	51.51	18	90	35.56
Mortality	Gran JT	2001	Norway	58.83	20	338	20.41
Mortality	Hachulla E	2001	France	50.63	19	133	17.13
Mortality	Hernandez-Rodriguez J	2002	Spain	41.39	19	75	12.38
Mortality	Huston KA	1978	USA	43.83	21	42	20
Mortality	Khalifa M	2009	Tunisia	35.83	20	96	2.45
Mortality	Knorring J	1979	Finland	60.17	15	53	15.09
Mortality	Kobayashi S	2003	Japan	35.69	21	66	45.45
Mortality	Labarca C	2015	USA	43.16	21	286	16.08
Mortality	Lie JT	1995	USA	38.58	19	72	10
Mortality	Lin L	2018	UK	55.90	22	9778	14.58
Mortality	Macchioni P	2018	Italy	44.70	22	281	7.94
Mortality	Matteson EL	1996	USA	43.83	20	214	19.08
Mortality	Mohammad A	2011	Sweden	55.99	22	792	24.38
Mortality	Mohammad AJ	2015	Sweden	55.99	22	840	25.55
Mortality	Moinet F	2017	Martinique	14.60	–	40	6
Mortality	Ninan J	2011	Australia	− 34.93	20	225	22.54
Mortality	Nordborg E	1989	Sweden	57.70	20	284	28.87
Mortality	Pamuk ON	2009	Turkey	41.68	21	19	35.09
Mortality	Pierluigi M	2016	Italy	44.70	–	280	16.33
Mortality	Pierluigi M	2018	Italy	44.70	21	285	21.84
Mortality	Rajala S	1993	Finland	61.50	19	66	22.73
Mortality	Tam S	2008	Hong Kong	22.40	21	19	52.63
Mortality	Whitfeild AG	1963	UK	52.63	10	72	13.89
Mortality	Yates M	2013	UK	52.63	21	119	21.01
Prevalence	Boesen P	1987	Denmark	55.33	18	46	135
Prevalence	Catanoso M	2017	Italy	44.70	20	285	87.9
Prevalence	Crowson CS	2016	USA	43.83	20	248	204
Prevalence	Herlyn K	2014	Germany	53.87	20	150	44
Prevalence	Khalifa M	2009	Tunisia	35.83	18	96	7
Prevalence	Kobayashi S	2003	Japan	35.69	20	66	1.47
Prevalence	Martinez PJM	2016	Argentina	− 34.60	–	90	120
Prevalence	Pamuk ON	2009	Turkey	41.68	20	19	20
Prevalence	Romero-Gomez C	2015	Spain	36.51	21	29	12.2
Incidence	Abdul-Rahan AM	2011	New Zealand	− 46.47	20	70	12.73
Incidence	Baldursson O	1994	Iceland	64.13	18	133	27
Incidence	Bas-Lando M	2007	Israel	31.77	19	206	11.3
Incidence	Bengtsson BA	1981	Sweden	57.70	18	126	28.6
Incidence	Boesen P	1987	Denmark	55.33	20	46	76.6
Incidence	Brekke LK	2017	Norway	60.39	–	881	16.8
Incidence	Brekke LK	2015	Norway	60.39	–	820	15.7
Incidence	Bustamante ME	2004	Spain	41.39	21	55	4.1
Incidence	Catanoso M	2014	Italy	44.70	21	285	3.3
Incidence	Catanoso M	2017	Italy	44.70	21	285	7.8
Incidence	Chandran AK	2015	USA	43.83	21	74	19.8
Incidence	Dadoniene J	2005	Lithuania	54.69	18	11	0.72
Incidence	Devauchelle-Pensec V	2018	France	45.76	21	241	8.5
Incidence	Diamantopoulos AP	2014	Norway	58.14	–	135	17.2
Incidence	Dunstan E	2014	Australia	− 34.93	–	314	3.2
Incidence	Elfving P	2016	Finland	62.89	20	8	7.5
Incidence	Friedman G	1982	Israel	31.77	20	46	0.49
Incidence	Gonzalez-Gay MA	2003	Spain	43.01	20	210	9.75
Incidence	Gonzalez-Gay MA	1992	Spain	43.01	20	255	6
Incidence	Gonzalez-Gay MA	1997	Spain	43.01	21	93	9.38
Incidence	Gonzalez-Gay MA	1999	Spain	43.01	20	110	14.1
Incidence	Gonzalez-Gay MA	2001	Spain	43.01	20	161	10.24
Incidence	Gonzalez-Gay MA	2007	Spain	43.01	19	255	10.13
Incidence	Gran JT	1997	Norway	58.83	20	66	29
Incidence	Haugeberg G	1998	Norway	58.83	20	42	27.9
Incidence	Haugeberg G	2003	Norway	58.83	18	70	32.4
Incidence	Huston KA	1978	USA	43.83	21	42	11.7
Incidence	Ing EB	2019	Canada	44.23	21	35	4.9
Incidence	Jonasson F	1979	UK	55.90	–	136	4.2
Incidence	Khalifa M	2009	Tunisia	35.83	20	96	7
Incidence	Machado EBV	1988	USA	43.83	19	94	17
Incidence	Mader T	2009	USA	61.22	19	122	1.02
Incidence	Martinez PJM	2016	Argentina	− 34.60	–	90	8.6
Incidence	Mohammad A	2011	Sweden	55.99	–	840	11.3
Incidence	Mohammad AJ	2015	Sweden	55.99	–	840	14.1
Incidence	Mollan SP	2015	UK	52.49	17	7864	4.31
Incidence	Nesher G	2016	Israel	31.77	20	140	8.1
Incidence	Nordborg C	2003	Sweden	57.70	20	665	22.2
Incidence	Nordborg E	1989	Sweden	57.70	18	284	18.3
Incidence	Pamuk ON	2009	Turkey	41.68	21	19	1.13
Incidence	Petri H	2015	UK	55.90	20	4671	11.2
Incidence	Petursdottir V	1999	Sweden	57.70	19	665	22.2
Incidence	Potocnik N	2014	Slovenia	46.06	–	97	8.7
Incidence	Potocnik N	2018	Slovenia	46.06	–	169	10.5
Incidence	Pucelji NP	2018	Slovenia	46.06	21	169	8.7
Incidence	Rajala SA	1993	Finland	61.50	20	66	7.2
Incidence	Ramstead C	2007	Canada	52.13	19	141	9.4
Incidence	Reinhold-Keller E	2000	Germany (north)	54.21	20	180	8.7
Incidence	Reinhold-Keller E	2000	Germany (south)	48.66	20	180	9.4
Incidence	Richier Q	2018	France	44.29	–	60	2.33
Incidence	Romero-Gomez C	2015	Spain	36.51	21	29	2.2
Incidence	Salvarani C	1991	Italy	44.70	20	43	6.9
Incidence	Salvarani C	1995	USA	43.83	18	125	17.8
Incidence	Salvarani C	2004	USA	44.70	20	173	18.8
Incidence	Schmidt D	2001		45.44	20	99	2.07
Incidence	Smeeth L	2006	UK	52.49	20	3928	8.42
Incidence	Smith CA	1983	USA	31.96	18	26	1.58
Incidence	Sonnenblick M	1994	Israel	31.77	20	84	10.2
Incidence	Tam	2008	Hong Kong	22.40	19	47	0.34
Incidence	Udayakumar PD	2013	USA	43.83	–	39	19.25
Incidence	Yates M	2013	UK	52.63	21	119	6.8

Note: Latitude was determined for regions within a country where a study population was taken

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