Table 2 Impact of diet-induced obesity and age on behavioral, molecular, and histological changes
Parameter | Bivariate (r) | Multivariate (β, r2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Adipose | Timepoint | Diet (β) | % Adipose (β) | Timepoint (β) | Whole model (r2) | ||
Experimental (Obesogenic) | Western | ||||||
Behavioral | |||||||
Grip force | − 0.41*** | − 0.45*** | − 21.96** | − 6.23 | 0.4 | − 0.841** | 0.45*** |
Mechanical sensitivity (Von Frey) | − 0.42*** | − 0.21* | − 0.35 | − 0.14 | − 0.0007 | − 0.006 | 0.26*** |
Cold sensitivity (Acetone) | 0.04 | 0.01 | – | – | – | – | 0.08 |
Tail suspension | |||||||
Rearing | 0.01 | 0.11 | – | – | – | – | 0.02 |
Immobility | 0.18 | 0.19 | – | – | – | – | 0.05 |
Self-support | − 0.22* | − 0.30** | 1.73 | − 0.46 | − 0.71 | − 0.74* | 0.10* |
Stretch | 0.06 | 0.10 | – | – | – | – | 0.07 |
Open field | |||||||
Locomotion | − 0.49*** | − 0.35*** | − 1226 | − 59.3 | − 92.7 | − 93.5*** | 0.33*** |
Rearing | − 0.52*** | − 0.40*** | − 0.88 | − 7.41 | − 2.87* | − 2.059*** | 0.39*** |
Histopathology | |||||||
IVD degeneration (average Boos) | 0.065 | 0.04 | – | – | – | – | 0.03 |
Knee OA (cumulative OARSI) | 0.07 | 0.08 | – | – | – | – | 0.05 |
Synovitis | 0.68*** | 0.102 | 3.535 | − 0.692 | 0.325* | 0.063 | 0.478*** |
Neuro-inflammation | |||||||
Lower spinal cord | |||||||
GFAP | 0.23 | – | – | 0.30 | |||
IBA-1 | 0.23 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.06 |
CGRP | 0.024 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.18 |
Upper spinal cord | |||||||
GFAP | 0.21 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.08 |
IBA-1 | 0.33 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.12 |
CGRP | 0.31 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.18 |
Systemic factors | |||||||
IL-1B | 0.04 | 0.21 | – | – | – | – | 0.12 |
IL-6 | 0.06 | 0.22 | – | – | – | – | 0.09 |
IL-10 | 0.03 | 0.21 | – | – | – | – | 0.14 |
IP-10 | 0.03 | 0.07 | – | – | – | – | 0.001 |
KC | 0.002 | 0.25 | – | – | – | – | 0.08 |
MCP-1 | 0.23 | 0.04 | – | – | – | – | 0.18 |
TNFa | 0.03 | 0.30* | – | – | – | – | 0.16 |
VEGF | 0.01 | 0.12 | – | – | – | – | 0.06 |