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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population divided in two subgroups according to the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome

From: The troubling liaison between cancer and metabolic syndrome in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

Variables

Cancer

No

428 patients

Cancer

Yes

46 patients

p

Total study population

474 patients

Age (years)

57 ± 13

63 ± 11

0.001

58 ± 12

Female gender (%)

63

72

0.25

64

Body mass index (kg/height2)

25.9 ± 4.5

26.6 ± 4.8

0.31

26.0 ± 4.5

Waist circumference (cm)

92.4 ± 13.0

96.4 ± 12.4

0.04

93.1 ± 12.6

Obese (%)

15

24

0.14

16

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

130 ± 17

135 ± 18

0.04

131 ± 18

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

82 ± 8

83 ± 9

0.23

82 ± 8

Hypertension (%)

44

65

0.006

47

Smoke (%)

33

29

0.99

32

Dyslipidemia (%)

55

67

0.10

57

Diabetes mellitus (%)

8

15

< 0.001

9

Metabolic syndrome (%)

6

29

< 0.001

16

eGFR (ml/min/m2*1.73)

94 ± 22

88 ± 24

0.13

93 ± 23

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

13.9 ± 1.4

13.6 ± 1.4

0.80

13.9 ± 1.4

Glycemia (mg/dl)

94 ± 22

106 ± 36

0.02

95 ± 25

Cholesterol HDL (mg/dl)

62 [45–80]

69 [47–91]

0.07

63 [46–83]

Cholesterol LDL (mg/dl)

123 [93–151]

120 [85–138]

0.58

121 [99–140]

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

119 [80–155]

125 [85–162]

0.66

120 [78–152]

C-reactive protein (mg/dl)

4.3 [2.8–7.5]

4.9 [3.5–8.9]

0.64

4.4 [2.9–7.8]

Rheumatoid factor positive (%) **

54

49

0.68

53

ACPA positive (%) **

52

47

0.80

51

Duration of disease (years)

12.2 ± 9.3

14.7 ± 9.8

0.67

12.6 ± 9.2

CDAI *

9.7 ± 8.9

13.7 ± 10.6

0.009

10.5 ± 8.4

DAS 28

2.4 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 1.0

0.08

2.5 ± 0.9

BASDAI

5.5 ± 3.3

6.0 ± 3.5

0.16

5.6 ± 3.5

Moderate/high disease activity (%)

32

55

0.005

33

LV mass (g/high 2.7)

43 ± 11

47 ± 10

0.04

44 ± 11

LVEF (%)

65 ± 6

67 ± 6

0.10

66 ± 6

Medications

 ACEi/ARBs (%)

27

44

0.02

29

 Beta blockers (%)

15

28

0.04

16

 Diuretics (%)

13

28

0.01

15

 Calcium antagonists (%)

9

10

0.72

9

 Statins (%)

18

42

< 0.001

20

 Anti-platelets agents (n, %)

11

31

< 0.001

13

 NSAIDs (%)

36

21

0.07

34

 Methotrexate (%)

39

44

0.34

40

 Hydroxychloroquine (%)

8

2

0.19

8

 Corticosteroids (%)

36

31

0.25

35

 Biologic DMARDs at enrolment (%)

66

63

0.66

66

 Biologic DMARDs class

  

0.61

 

  Anti-TNFα (%) **

72

66

 

71

  Anti-interleukin 6 (%)**

10

12

 

10

  CTLA 4Ig (%)**

10

14

 

11

  Anti-CD 20 (%)**

8

8

 

8

Biologic DMARDs refractory (%)

28

29

0.83

28

  1. ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACPA anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, ARB angiotensin T1 receptor blockers, CDAI clinical disease activity index, CD cluster of differentiation, CTLA cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen, DMARDs disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, TNF tissue necrosis factor
  2. * % among patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  3. ** % among patients who were receiving biologic DMARDs