Fig. 4

Cytokine expression in synovial fluid CD14⁺ macrophages in response to MSU crystal-induced NETs. SFMCs were analyzed for cytokine expression by flow cytometry after stimulation with or without NETs, MSU crystals (200 μg/ml), or LPS (1 μg/ml). Intracellular cytokine expression in CD14⁺ macrophages (CD14⁺CD1c⁻CD3⁻CD19⁻CD56⁻ viable cells) was determined, and a representative flow cytometry plots are presented. b The result of statistical comparison between the indicated groups using unpaired Student’s t test are presented. The analysis was performed in patients with gout (n = 25 except for IL-1Ra where n = 17). *P value < 0.05, ****P value < 0.0001