Fig. 3

Antiviral ISG15 gene expression is downregulated by tofacitinib at the baseline level. Keratinocytes (n = 5–8) were stimulated for 60 min with tofacitinib before addition of the respective cytokine (IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, or IL-29) or bacterial component (LPS or LTA). The cell lysates were analysed via qPCR. Statistical calculation was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. Significances that were compared to the untreated control are depicted directly above the stimulatory agent or the compared conditions are indicated by lines and depicted as follows: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, and ***P ≤ 0.001