Fig. 5

Venn diagram of all plasma metabolites identified through the multi-approach discovery strategy. A total of 67 unique metabolites were identified, among which 40 were found to have no association with the use of treatment. Notably, eight metabolites (6-bromotryptophan, bilirubin (E,E), biliverdin, glucuronate, N-acetyltryptophan, N-acetyltyrosine, serine, and trigonelline) in bold were not only consistently detected across both analytic approaches, but also found to have no association with any treatment use. Colored circles indicate metabolites whose abundances associate with treatment use. Metabolites with red triangles were found to have increasing abundances with worsening disease activity, whereas metabolites with blue triangles were found to have decreasing abundances with worsening disease activity