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Table 2 Association of knee synovial abnormalities on ultrasound and knee pain severity

From: Prevalence of ultrasound-detected knee synovial abnormalities in a middle-aged and older general population—the Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study

Synovial abnormalities

Knee pain severityb

No pain

Mild to moderate pain

Severe to extreme pain

Synovial hypertrophy

 No, n (%)

4145 (63.6)

1937 (29.7)

439 (6.7)

 Yes, n (%)

360 (44.0)

304 (37.2)

154 (18.8)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00 (reference)

1.81 (1.51, 2.16)

4.04 (3.18, 5.13)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00 (reference)

1.79 (1.48, 2.15)

3.67 (2.82, 4.78)

Joint effusion

 No, n (%)

3192 (64.6)

1426 (28.9)

323 (6.5)

 Yes, n (%)

1313 (54.7)

815 (34.0)

270 (11.3)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00 (reference)

1.39 (1.23, 1.57)

2.03 (1.66, 2.48)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00 (reference)

1.41 (1.24, 1.60)

1.93 (1.55, 2.39)

Power Doppler signal

 No, n (%)

4446 (62.4)

2156 (30.2)

530 (7.4)

 Yes, n (%)

59 (28.5)

85 (41.1)

63 (30.4)

 Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00 (reference)

2.97 (2.09, 4.23)

8.96 (5.99, 13.39)

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

1.00 (reference)

2.77 (1.92, 4.01)

7.19 (4.50, 11.48)

  1. n number, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education, and knee injury history
  3. bSeverity of knee pain was categorized into severe to extreme pain (WOMAC score of 3 or 4 on any of the five pain questions), mild to moderate pain (WOMAC score of 1 or 2 on any of the five pain questions), and no pain (WOMAC score of 0 on all five pain questions)