Fig. 5

IFN-α in SLE patients and its production by monoclonal antibody-treated HRGEC. a Serum levels of IFN-α between SLE patients with LN, SLE patients without LN, and healthy controls. The mean and SD are given. *p < 0.05. b The levels of IFN-α in the supernatants of HRGEC cultured alone and co-cultured with LN1–4 or IgG1/IgG3 isotype controls at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. The mean and SD are given. **p < 0.001. c The levels of IFN-α in the supernatants of HRGEC treated with LN1, LN2, and IgG3 isotype control at the indicated concentrations. The mean and SD are given. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. d The levels of IFN-α between the supernatants of cultured HRGEC and DNAse I-treated HRGEC that were co-cultured with the same monoclonal antibodies (LN1, LN2, or LN3) at the same concentration of 100 μg/ml. The mean and SD are given