Fig. 2

Subsets of double negative and naïve B cells. a Representative flow cytometry from SLE patient and HC. The NAV and DN B cells were classified and grouped as rNAV (CD21⁺, CD11c^-, CXCR5⁺), aNAV (CD21^-, CD11c⁺, CXCR5^-), DN1 (CD21⁺, CD11c^-, CXCR5⁺), and DN2 B cells (CD21^-, CD11c⁺, CXCR5^-). b The frequencies of DN and NAV B cell subsets in HCs (n = 11) compared to SLE patients (n = 20). c The frequency of intracellular IgG⁺ DN2 B cells (n = 6) as compared to surface IgG⁺ DN2 B cells (n = 17) in SLE patients. Bars represent median with interquartile range. p values were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001