Fig. 3

Characterization of anti-dsDNA and anti-peptide IgG reactivity. A significant difference exists between a anti-dsDNA IgG b anti-peptide IgG antibody levels in lupus patients (n = 30) compared with HCs (n = 8). c A significant correlation between anti-peptide IgG and anti-dsDNA IgG antibody levels in all individual patients. Healthy controls were shown in white (n = 8), lupus patients in black (n = 30). d The correlation analysis between anti-peptide and anti-dsDNA IgG levels in 30 SLE patients. Secretion levels of e total IgG f anti-dsDNA antibodies by DN2, DNA, and non-DNA tetramer-binding B cells detected after 8 days of in vitro culture (n = 3). Bars represent median with interquartile range. p values were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001