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Table 1 Demographic characteristics, autoimmune disease diagnosis, known risk factors for COVID-19, potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2, use of protective measures, symptoms of COVID-19, current treatments and modifications, flares, and serological status for SARS-CoV-2

From: Incidence and predictors of COVID-19 and flares in patients with rare autoimmune diseases: a systematic survey and serological study at a national reference center in France

Patient characteristics

 

Age (years), median [IQR25-75]

53 (37–65)

Female, n (%)

840 (79.6%)

AISD diagnosis, n (%)

 

 Lupus

205 (19.4)

 Sjögren

190 (18)

 Systemic sclerosis

159 (15.1)

 IM

113 (10.7)

 JIA

110 (10.4)

 Vasculitis

94 (8.9)

 Overlap syndrome

84 (8.0)

 Primary APS

33 (3.1)

 Sarcoidosis

26 (2.5)

 Behçet

15 (1.4)

 MCTD

14 (1.3)

 Other

12 (1.2)

Benefited from preventive work cessation, n (%)

96/852 (11.3)

At least one contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, n (%)

63/1054 (6.0)

Self-suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (according to the patient him/herself), n (%)

201/1051 (19.1)

Self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms, n (%)

/1054

 Fever

89 (8.4)

 Chills

62 (5.9)

 Myalgia

86 (8.2)

 Cough/dyspnea

133 (12.6)

 Thoracic pain/oppression

39 (3.9)

 Gastroenteritis

54 (5.1)

 Anosmia

42 (4.0)

 Thrombosis

1 (0.09)

Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection (history of), n (%)

/1054

 Cancer

49 (4.6)

 Cardiac failure

34 (3.2)

 Myocardial infarction

29 (2.7)

 Diabetes

71 (6.7)

 Hypertension

250 (23.7)

 Cerebrovascular event

47 (4.5)

 Respiratory failure

126 (12.0)

 Renal failure

65 (6.2)

 Hepatic insufficiency

43 (4.1)

BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR25-75]

24.4 (21.2–28.7)

 BMI > 35

53 (5.7)

 BMI > 40

19 (2.1)

Smoking status, n (%)

/973

 Current smoker

129 (13.3)

 Former smoker

273 (28.1)

 Never smoker

571 (58.7)

Treatments, n (%)

/1054

 NSAIDs

81 (7.7)

 Glucocorticoids

289 (27.4)

 Antimalarials (HCQ/CQ)

262 (24.9)

 Immunosuppressive agents/biologics

447 (42.4)

Treatment modification due to pandemic, n (%)

73/1054 (6.9)

Reporting a flare-up of AISD (self-diagnosed), n (%)

166/1054 (15.7)

Serological status for SARS-CoV-2, n (%)

 

 Positive IgG and/or IgM

31/469 (6.6)

  1. *Other: relapsing polychondritis (n = 6), undifferentiation connective tissue disease (n = 3), Still’s disease (n = 2), Shulman’s disease (n = 1). Numbers between brackets: data availability
  2. Abbreviations: AISD, autoimmune systemic disease; APS, anti-phospholipid syndrome; BMI, body mass index; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; IIM, idiopathic inflammatory-myositis; MCTD, mixed-connective tissue disorder; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs