From: Disease course following High Disease Activity Status revealed patterns in SLE
Patient characteristic | HDAS patient category | Evidence of difference in characteristic (p value)c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never experienced HDAS (n = 191) | One HDAS visit (n = 36) | Recurrent but not Persistent HDAS (n = 43) | Persistent HDAS (n = 72) | ||
Female sex | 168 (88.0%) | 30 (83.3%) | 39 (90.7%) | 59 (81.9%) | 0.46 |
Asian ethnicitya | 67 (35.8%) | 16 (48.5%) | 26 (61.9%) | 33 (45.8%) | 0.014 |
Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR) | 32 (25, 45) | 27 (19, 46.5) | 26 (20, 37) | 28.5 (21, 35) | 0.012 |
Disease duration at enrolment (years), median (IQR) | 3 (0.6, 11.5) | 4.6 (0.8, 11.2) | 5.7 (2, 12.8) | 4.05 (0.85, 10.3) | 0.64 |
Total patient observation time (years), median (IQR) | 4.9 (3, 8.7) | 5.6 (2.1, 8.1) | 8.3 (4.7, 10.4) | 8.8 (5.1, 12.1) | < 0.001 |
Categorical observation time variable | |||||
< 5 years | 98 (51.3%) | 17 (47.2%) | 12 (27.9%) | 17 (23.6%) | < 0.001 |
5–10 years | 62 (32.5%) | 13 (36.1%) | 17 (39.5%) | 22 (30.6%) | |
10+ years | 31 (16.2%) | 6 (16.7%) | 14 (32.6%) | 33 (45.8%) | |
Organ involvement | |||||
Skin | 126 (66.0%) | 18 (50.0%) | 31 (72.1%) | 45 (62.5%) | 0.20 |
Arthritis | 134 (70.2%) | 23 (63.9%) | 31 (72.1%) | 44 (61.1%) | 0.46 |
Haematological | 92 (48.2%) | 21 (58.3%) | 27 (62.8%) | 40 (55.6%) | 0.26 |
Renal | 43 (22.5%) | 12 (33.3%) | 24 (55.8%) | 50 (69.4%) | < 0.001 |
Serositis | 49 (25.7%) | 11 (30.6%) | 18 (41.9%) | 38 (52.8%) | < 0.001 |
Neurological | 16 (8.4%) | 3 (8.3%) | 7 (16.3%) | 19 (26.4%) | 0.001 |
Serological profile | |||||
Anti_dsDNA | 123 (65.1%) | 30 (85.7%) | 42 (97.7%) | 70 (97.2%) | < 0.001 |
Anti_Sm | 20 (11.0%) | 8 (22.9%) | 12 (28.6%) | 17 (23.6%) | 0.007 |
Anti_Ro | 74 (40.7%) | 17 (48.6%) | 26 (61.9%) | 38 (52.8%) | 0.052 |
Anti-phospholipid-autoantibody-positive | 94 (49.2%) | 18 (50.0%) | 25 (58.1%) | 42 (58.3%) | 0.49 |
Low complement at baselineb | 89 (46.6%) | 24 (66.7%) | 29 (67.4%) | 58 (80.6%) | < 0.001 |
Anti-dsDNA-positive and low complement at baseline | 60 (31.4%) | 20 (55.6%) | 29 (67.4%) | 57 (79.2%) | < 0.001 |
Adjusted mean SLEDAI, median (IQR) | 2.2 (1.2, 3.5) | 4.1 (3.55, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.1, 6.2) | 6.4 (5.0, 8.1) | < 0.001 |
Mild/moderate flare rate, median (IQR) per 100 person-years | 0.3 (0, .6) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.05) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | < 0.001 |
Severe flare rate, median (IQR) per 100 person-years | 0 (0, 0) | 0.1 (0, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1, .4) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | < 0.001 |
Damage accrual over observation period | 51 (26.7%) | 13 (36.1%) | 20 (46.5%) | 48 (66.7%) | < 0.001 |
Treatment received | |||||
Hydroxychloroquine | 175 (91.6%) | 32 (88.9%) | 43 (100.0%) | 69 (95.8%) | 0.12 |
Other immunosuppressantsd | 119 (62.3%) | 29 (80.6%) | 41 (95.3%) | 72 (100.0%) | < 0.001 |
Hydroxychloroquine/other immunosuppressantsd | 183 (95.8%) | 35 (97.2%) | 43 (100.0%) | 72 (100.0%) | 0.18 |
Mycophenolate | 43 (22.5%) | 15 (41.7%) | 29 (67.4%) | 56 (77.8%) | < 0.001 |
Azathioprine | 53 (27.7%) | 15 (41.7%) | 24 (55.8%) | 41 (56.9%) | < 0.001 |
Methotrexate | 44 (23.0%) | 9 (25.0%) | 8 (18.6%) | 19 (26.4%) | 0.81 |
Cyclophosphamide | 4 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.0%) | 17 (23.6%) | < 0.001 |
Tacrolimus | 3 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | 4 (5.6%) | 0.026 |
Leflunomide | 11 (5.8%) | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (2.3%) | 4 (5.6%) | 0.73 |
Prednisolone (any dose) | 128 (67.0%) | 32 (88.9%) | 41 (95.3%) | 71 (98.6%) | < 0.001 |
Prednisolone > 15 mg per day | 61 (31.9%) | 20 (55.6%) | 34 (79.1%) | 64 (88.9%) | < 0.001 |