Fig. 2

Persistence of urate priming effects in vitro. Freshly isolated PBMCs from 6 healthy volunteers were exposed to culture medium (RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% human pooled serum) in the presence or absence of urate (UA) 50 mg/dL. After 24 h, urate was removed, and cells were stimulated with LPS 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MSU crystals (300 μg/mL). The second stimulation was performed at different times after urate washout: immediately (0 h resting time), or after increasing the number of days of resting in 10% serum RPMI (24 h, 48 h, 5 days). IL-1β (A-B), IL-1Ra (C-D), and IL-6 (E-F) were measured in the supernatants of cells, data are representative for 3 independent experiments and 6 different volunteers, graphs depict individual values with paired samples shown in identical symbols, bars and error bars represent means+/−SEM. UA, uric acid/urate 50 mg/dL. *, Wilcoxon p < 0.05