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Table 1 Overview of included studies

From: The role of lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 in the screening and follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis patients for an identification of interstitial lung disease: review of the literature, proposal for a preliminary algorithm, and clinical application to cases

Author

Number of patients

Aim of study

Comparison with other diagnostic modality

Feasibility

Cutoff value of B-line number

Sensitivity (%)

Specificity (%)

NPV (%)

PPV (%)

AUC (%)

Moazedi-Fuerst et al. [55]

64 RA patients

To screen subclinical RA-ILD

HRCT

N/A

N/A

97.1

97.3

98.6

94.3

N/A

Barskova et al. [56]

58 SSc patients, including 32 VEDOSS

To screen early SSc-ILD

HRCT

100%

> 5

≥20

100

83

55

96

100

N/A

78

N/A

94

N/A

Gutiérrez et al. [57]

133 SSc patients

To detect and predict asymptomatic SSc-ILD

HRCT

N/A

N/A

91.2%

88.6%

N/A

N/A

N/A

Çakir et al. [58]

48 SSc patients

To evaluate the severity of SSc-ILD

HRCT

N/A

≥6

> 24

100

79.3

84.2

94.7

100

N/A

90.6

N/A

93.7

94.8

Vizioli et al. [37]

104 suspected ILD patients

To evaluate the accuracy of LUS detection of ILD

HRCT

100%

> 5

> 10

92

92

53

66

87

90

64

71

90

N/A

Aghdashi et al. [59]

31 suspected rheumatoid lung involvement patients

To investigate the utility of LUS

HRCT

N/A

> 5

73.5

88.2

51.7

95.1

N/A

  1. AUC, area under the curve; HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; ILD, interstitial lung disease; LUS, lung ultrasound; N/A, not applicable; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; RA-ILD, rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease; SSc, systemic sclerosis; SSc-ILD, systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease; VEDOSS, very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis