Table 1 Comparison of risk factors in PJP and non-PJP cases for IIM patients

MDA5⁺ DM, n (%)

12 (85.7%)

148 (33.0%)

0.000

Non-MDA5 IIM, n (%)

2 (14.3%)

301 (67.0%)

Male gender, n (%)

6 (42.9%)

135 (30.1%)

0.376

Assessed age, mean ± SD

54 ± 10

53 ± 12

0.635

Disease duration, years, median

2

6

0.001

ILD (%)

13 (92.9%)

316 (70.4%)

0.077

 Corticosteroid (≥20 mg pred, ≥ 1 month)

10 (71.4%)

226 (50.4%)

0.12

 Corticosteroid, mg, median

50

30

0.001

 Cyclophosphamide

2 (14.3%)

33 (7.3%)

0.286

 Methotrexate

0 (0%)

37 (8.3%)

0.616

 Azathioprine

0 (0%)

32 (7.1%)

0.613

 Cyclosporine

3 (21.4%)

69 (15.4%)

0.465

 Tacrolimus

4 (28.6%)

50 (11.1%)

0.068

 Mycophenolate mofetil

0 (0%)

24 (5.3%)

1.000

 Hydroxychloroquine

4 (28.6%)

95 (21.2%)

0.511

 Biologics

1 (7.1%)

16 (3.6%)

0.412

 Others

1 (7.1%)

76 (16.9%)

0.482

Diabetes, n (%)

6 (42.9%)

61 (13.6%)

0.009

ESR, mm/h, median

34.5

21

0.085

Creatine kinase, U/L, median

26.5

67.5

0.02

LDH, U/L, median

464.5

321

0.028

Ferritin, μg/mL, median

1122

341

0.001

Pre-albumin, g/L, median

208.5

214

0.832

Albumin, mg/L, median

29.4

32.5

0.005

CD4⁺ T cell counts at admission ×10⁹/L, median

113.4

350.4

0.000

Lymphocyte counts at admission ×10⁹/L, median

0.695

0.9

0.004