Fig. 4

“Active disease” signature in monocyte transcriptomes of axSpA patients. Monocyte transcriptomes of patients (of cohort 1) with active axSpA according to a BASDAI ≥ 4 (BASDAI^high) were compared to those of patients with inactive disease (BASDAI < 4; BASDAI^low). A Hierarchical clustering of active and inactive axSpA patients according to 1367 significantly different probe-sets (HPCDA score > 100). B Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using MSigDB as input database identified overlap of upregulated and downregulated genes with the indicated pathways. C Co-expression analysis in reference transcriptomes performed as in Fig. 2 of upregulated probe-sets of the comparison between BASDAI^high and BASDAI^low patients. D Co-expression analysis in reference transcriptomes of downregulated probe-sets in BASDAI^high patients. Red indicated increased signal expression (max = 2) or positive correlation (max = 1) and blue indicates decreased signal expression (min = − 2) or negative correlation (min = − 1). Clusters of co-expression are boxed and examples of genes within individual clusters are given on the right