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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the cohort and comparison of characteristics according to clusters

From: A cluster analysis of patients with axial spondyloarthritis using tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors based on clinical characteristics

 

All patients (n = 1042)

Axial group (n = 828)

Extra-axial group (n = 214)

p-value

Age at starting TNFi (years, %)

38.32 (13.08)

38.18 (12.76)

38.85 (14.28)

0.618

Sex (male, %)

793 (76.1)

651 (78.6)

142 (66.4)

0.001

Late onset (age ≥ 40 years, %)

329 (31.6)

247 (29.8)

82 (38.3)

0.034

Long disease duration (≥ 2 years, %)

426 (40.9)

380 (45.9)

46 (21.5)

< 0.001

HLA-B27 positivity (%)

929 (89.2)

740 (89.4)

189 (88.3)

0.782

Inflammatory back pain (%)

887 (85.1)

704 (85.0)

183 (85.5)

0.943

Radiographic sacroiliitis (%)

934 (89.6)

745 (90.0)

189 (88.3)

0.618

Peripheral arthritis (%)

388 (37.2)

203 (24.5)

185 (86.4)

< 0.001

Enthesitis (%)

218 (20.9)

68 (8.2)

150 (70.1)

< 0.001

Uveitis (%)

222 (21.3)

168 (20.3)

54 (25.2)

0.197

Psoriasis (%)

27 (2.6)

16 (1.9)

11 (5.1)

0.029

IBD (%)

13 (1.2)

9 (1.1)

4 (1.9)

0.618

Good response to NSAIDs (%)

358 (34.4)

212 (25.6)

146 (68.2)

< 0.001

csDMARD use (%)

107 (10.3)

75 (9.1)

32 (15.0)

0.029

NSAID use (%)

904 (86.8)

714 (86.2)

190 (88.8)

0.486

SJC

0.65 (2.28)

0.50 (2.37)

1.21 (1.80)

< 0.001

TJC

1.04 (3.06)

0.71 (2.67)

2.32 (4.00)

< 0.001

BASDAI

6.03 (1.91)

5.94 (1.92)

6.37 (1.81)

0.005

BASFI

3.47 (2.56)

3.42 (2.56)

3.66 (2.56)

0.305

ASDAS-ESR

3.74 (1.03)

3.65 (1.00)

4.05 (1.08)

< 0.001

ASDAS-CRP

3.66 (1.02)

3.61 (1.00)

3.87 (1.07)

0.003

ESR (mm/h)

37.87 (30.03)

35.65 (28.76)

46.46 (33.21)

< 0.001

CRP (mg/dL)

2.27 (2.95)

2.11 (2.74)

2.89 (3.60)

0.006

  1. TNFi tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, HLA human leucocyte antigen, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, csDMARD conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, SJC swollen joint count, TJC tender joint count, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, ASDAS-ESR Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on ESR, ASDAS-CRP Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on CRP