Skip to main content

Table 3 Hazard ratios of hand OA progression per treatment group following time-varying Cox regression analyses in subgroups based on age, rheumatoid factor, osteoporosis (treatment), and prednisone use

From: Increased radiographic progression of distal hand osteoarthritis occurring during biologic DMARD monotherapy for concomitant rheumatoid arthritis

Exposure

Hand OA progression events

Person-time [years]

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)a

Age ≤ 55 years at cohort entry

 csDMARD

130

860.6

Ref (1.00)

Ref (1.00)

 bDMARD

31

127.4

1.36 (0.93–2.00)

1.49 (1.01–2.21)

 Combination

87

526.8

0.94 (0.73–1.22)

1.01 (0.78–1.33)

 Past-use

10

39.2

0.96 (0.41–2.26)

1.09 (0.51–2.34)

 Never-use

6

111.3

0.34 (0.14–0.80)

0.34 (0.14–0.84)

Age > 55 years at cohort entry

 csDMARD

291

2025.1

Ref (1.00)

Ref (1.00)

 bDMARD

48

264.6

1.13 (0.86–1.51)

1.21 (0.90–1.61)

 Combination

149

851.9

1.11 (0.92–1.33)

1.16 (0.96–1.41)

 Past-use

14

89.2

0.84 (0.52–1.36)

0.79 (0.48–1.29)

 Never-use

17

224.6

0.62 (0.35–1.10)

0.68 (0.37–1.25)

Rheumatoid factor negative at cohort entry

 csDMARD

132

1014.4

Ref (1.00)

Ref (1.00)

 bDMARD

28

167.5

1.22 (0.83–1.80)

1.33 (0.90–1.96)

 Combination

83

503.8

1.11 (0.85–1.44)

1.21 (0.92–1.58)

 Past-use

7

35.3

1.21 (0.61–2.38)

1.16 (0.58–2.33)

 Never-use

6

126.8

0.42 (0.19–0.92)

0.45 (0.20–1.03)

Rheumatoid factor positive at cohort entry

 csDMARD

284

1832.4

Ref (1.00)

Ref (1.00)

 bDMARD

45

210.7

1.20 (0.89–1.60)

1.40 (1.04–1.89)

 Combination

139

809.4

0.99 (0.82–1.21)

1.09 (0.89–1.32)

 Past-use

17

86.6

0.87 (0.52–1.42)

0.86 (0.55–1.36)

 Never-use

16

186.2

0.58 (0.31–1.10)

0.59 (0.31–1.13)

Osteoporosis/fracture or osteoporosis treatment (additionally time-varying)

 csDMARD without osteoporosis

334

2342.2

Ref (1.00)

Ref (1.00)

 csDMARD with osteoporosis

87

543.5

0.88 (0.69–1.13)

0.87 (0.68–1.11)

 bDMARD without osteoporosis

50

226.5

1.35 (1.04–1.77)

1.43 (1.09–1.88)

 bDMARD with osteoporosis

29

165.4

1.00 (0.70–1.43)

1.04 (0.72–1.49)

 Combination therapy without osteoporosis

165

952.5

1.06 (0.89–1.27)

1.13 (0.94–1.35)

 Combination therapy with osteoporosis

71

426.2

0.94 (0.75–1.18)

0.95 (0.76–1.20)

 Never/past-use without osteoporosis

38

390.3

0.65 (0.44–0.95)

0.69 (0.47–1.02)

 Never/past-use with osteoporosis

9

74.0

0.68 (0.34–1.37)

0.66 (0.34–1.29)

Prednisone treatment (additionally time-varying)

 csDMARD without prednisone

219

1509.1

0.79 (0.57–1.08)

0.72 (0.52–1.00)

 csDMARD with prednisone

202

1376.6

0.87 (0.64–1.20)

0.81 (0.59–1.12)

 bDMARD without prednisone

38

183.8

Ref (1.00)

Ref (1.00)

 bDMARD with prednisone

41

208.2

1.03 (0.69–1.54)

1.07 (0.72–1.60)

 Combination therapy without prednisone

128

679.8

0.90 (0.64–1.25)

0.88 (0.63–1.22)

 Combination therapy with prednisone

108

699.0

0.83 (0.60–1.17)

0.83 (0.59–1.17)

 Never/past-use without prednisone

22

287.8

0.39 (0.23–0.67)

0.36 (0.21–0.63)

 Never/past-use with prednisone

25

176.5

0.90 (0.54–1.47)

0.87 (0.53–1.45)

  1. bDMARD biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, CI confidence interval, csDMARD conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, HR hazard ratio
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex (time-invariant), body mass index, rheumatoid arthritis duration, rheumatoid factor (time-invariant), DAS28-esr score, prednisone use, cardiac disorders, hypertension, osteoporosis, hand surgery, large-joint osteoarthritis, or hip/knee arthroplasty