From: Insulin-like growth factor-1 in articular cartilage repair for osteoarthritis treatment
Vectors | Advantage | Disadvantage | References |
---|---|---|---|
Retroviral vector | Long-term expression of genes incorporated into host cells | Insertion mutations, difficult to terminate expression, premature senescence of cells | |
Adenoviral vector | High transfection efficiency and high level of gene products | Severe immunogenicity | [63] |
Adeno-associated virus vector | Excellent long-term gene transfer efficiency, no immune response, and a lack of toxicity and mutagenesis | Small target genes can be inserted | |
Lentiviral vector | Larger cDNA can be introduced into target cells without causing immune responses | Safety unknown | [66] |
Nonviral gene delivery | Improved safety | The long-term effect is not good | [1] |