Fig. 2

Cenerimod treatment modulates salivary gland pathology in the viral sialadenitis mouse model. A Representative microphotographs of salivary glands at the end of the study (day 15), depicting CD19⁺ B cells (green), CD3⁺ T cells (red), CD45⁺ leukocytes (blue) and cell nuclear counterstain (DAPI, grey), as shown by immunofluorescence. B Salivary gland focus score as measured by numbers of ELS per 4 mm². C Average ELS area measurement in mm². D ELS area fraction as measured by the total ELS area divided by the total salivary gland area. E Percentage of segregated ELS. F Salivary gland chemokine mRNA levels (CCL19, CXCL13, LT-α, LT-β) at the end of treatment (day 15) measured by quantitative real-time PCR; cenerimod groups are shown as a percentage of vehicle. G Salivary gland B cell activating factor (BAFF) protein levels were measured at the end of early therapeutic treatment (day 15) using a quantitative ELISA and shown in ng/SG. H Salivary gland chemokine activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) mRNA levels at the end of treatment (day 15) measured by quantitative real-time PCR; cenerimod groups are shown as a percentage of vehicle. B–H Each data point represents the measurement of individual mice from three independent experiments with 3–4 mice per group; horizontal line indicates the median, the box indicates the upper and lower quartiles and the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum range; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. vehicle group (Mann-Whitney test). Tx, therapeutic; SG, salivary gland; ELS, ectopic lymphoid structures; LT, lymphotoxin