miRNA | Experimental system | Targets | Function | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Putative miRNAs related to PAH and SSc | ||||
miR-21 | Human PAECs and PASMCs | KLF4, Smad-8 | PASMC differentiation and inhibition of PASMC proliferation | [22] |
miR-21 | Human PAECs Rodent model of PH | BMPR2 PDCD4/caspase-3 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen cyclin D1 Bcl-xL DDAH1 | PAH | |
miR-21 | Fibroblasts | SMAD7 | Skin fibrosis | [27] |
let-7g | Human patients with SSc-PH | multiple | PAH | [28] |
let-7a | Human or mouse skin fibroblasts | Type I collagen | Tissue fibrosis in the skin | [29] |
miR-155 | Skin of mice | CK1α SHIP-1 | Dermal fibrosis | [30] |
miR-29a | Skin biopsy and fibroblast samples from SSc patients and healthy controls The mouse model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis | Type I and type III collagen | Fibrogenesis of SSc | [31] |
miR-140-5p | Marrow stromal cells | TGF-βR1 | TGF-βR1 regulation Adipocyte differentiation | [32] |
miRNA related to TGF-β-signaling pathway | ||||
miR-155 | Lung fibroblasts and PBMC from SSc-ILD patients | Multiple | Dysregulated lung gene expression | [30] |
miR-145 | Normal and cutaneous scleroderma skin tissues Human fibroblasts | SMAD7 SMAD3 COL1A1 | SSc | [33] |
miR-145 | PAH patients Human PASMCs Hypoxia-induced PAH rats | ABCA1 | PASMCs proliferation and migration | [32] |
miR-221-3p | Human PASMC PAH animal models | AXIN2 | PASMC proliferation | [34] |
miR-124 | Pulmonary vascular and circulating progenitor endothelial cells isolated from patients | PTBP1 | Metabolic and proliferative abnormalities in PAH ECs | [35] |
miR-124 | Human PASMCs Nonfamilial human PAH PAH mouse and rat models | NFATc1 CAMTA1 PTBP1 STAT3/NFAT signaling | PASMC proliferation, prodifferentiation, and survival Inflammation Pulmonary vascular remodeling | [36] |
miR-143 | PAH patients Human PASMCs Hypoxia-induced PAH rats | ABCA1 | PASMC proliferation and migration | [32] |
miR-143-3p | Calf models of PAH PAH patients Mice | Multiple | PH | [37] |
miR-181a-5p | Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells PAH mice | Multiple | Vascular remodeling | [38] |
miR-29 miR-29b | Mice Mice pulmonary fibroblasts | TGF-β CTGF SMAD3 | Pulmonary fibrosis | [39] |
miR-455-3p-1 | Normal and PAH patients | FGF7 | Inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs | [40] |
miR-223-3p | PASMCs Rat | ITGB3 | Pulmonary vascular remodeling | [41] |
miR-17/92 family | HEK293 Rodent model of PH | BMPR2 STAT3 | Development of PH | [42] |
miRNA related to BMPR2 signaling pathway | ||||
miR-204 | PASMCs in both human and rodent PAH | SHP2 NFAT | PAH-PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis | [43] |
miR-130/301 family | Pulmonary vessels and plasma from mammalian models and PH patients PAECs and PASMCs in mice model | PPARγ | Cell proliferation in PH | [44] |
miR-130/301 family | Human PASMCs and PAECs Mice blood and lung tissue | PPARγ | Cell proliferation in PH | [45] |
miR-130/301 family | Human PAECs | PPARγ LRP8 | Pulmonary vascular stiffening Extracellular matrix remodeling | [46] |
miR-424 (322) | The blood of PAH patients Hypoxia-induced PAECs Monocrotaline rat model of PH | SMURF1 | Afterload of the right ventricle | [47] |
miR-17/92 family | Human PASMCs | PDLIM5 | PASMC proliferation and differentiation | [48] |
miR-20a | Mice Human PASMCs | BMPR2 | Prevent pulmonary arterial vascular remodeling | [49] |