The role of TGF-β or BMPR2 signaling pathway-related miRNA in pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic sclerosis

Table 2 Pathological mechanisms and putative miRNA in SSc-PAH

Mechanism	Putative miRNA	Potential function	Reference
Apoptosis	miR-21	Reduce the pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis	[22]
Apoptosis	miR-140-5p	Promote cell apoptosis	[31]
Cell proliferation	miR-21	Antiproliferative effect in PAEC and PASMC	[74]
Cell proliferation	miR-140-5p	Inhibit cell proliferation	[31, 77, 78]
Angiogenesis	miR-21	Decrease angiogenesis	[75]
Cell differentiation	miR-140-5p	Promote cell differentiation	[31]
Cell migration	miR-140-5p	Inhibit cell migration	[77, 78]
Vasodilation	miR-21	Increase the pulmonary vasodilation	[75]
Pulmonary fibrosis	miR-21	Target of fibrosis inhibition	[26]
	let-7 family	Reduce fibrosis	[79]
	miR-155	Reduce fibrosis	[32, 80, 81]
Pulmonary hypertension	miR-21	Increase the lung DDAH1and cGMP levels and attenuate pulmonary hypertension	[76]
Pulmonary vascular remodeling	miR-29a	Decrease pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricle hypertrophy index and ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling	[29, 82, 83]

Abbreviation: PAEC pulmonary artery endothelial cell, PASMC pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell, DDAH1 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases 1, cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate

ISSN: 1478-6362