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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: A new and spontaneous animal model for ankylosing spondylitis is found in cynomolgus monkeys

Fig. 1

Physical examination and epidemiology investigation of Cynomolgus monkeys. A Comparison of surface observations between normal and diseased animals. Representative images of cynomolgus monkey’s spines, knees, and tails. The spines of the diseased animal are curved (black line), the knee joints are swollen, and the tail appears as nodular (red arrowhead). B Joint motilities were evaluated by a measuring ruler as descried in the methods. Values on graphs are presented mean ± SD. p values calculated by Student’s t test, where *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, compared with control (Control: n=20, AS: n=42). C Age and gender distribution of AS monkeys. The age of the animals counted in the figure is the age at which the animals were diagnosed (n=57). D Family trees of 2 monkey families. Squares = males; circles = females; darkened squares and circles = monkeys with ankylosing spondylitis

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