Fig. 2

CT scan and X-ray examinations of axial and peripheral joints in Cynomolgus monkeys. A Representative longitudinal section CT-scan images of the sacroiliac joint and spine (L1-S1) of Cynomolgus monkeys. The AS monkeys showing extensive bone erosion (red arrowheads), syndesmophyte formation (blue arrowheads), and joint fusion (green arrowheads) in the sacroiliac joint and spine. The bony spurs (yellow arrowheads) and vertebral bodies fuse together, the spine appears as a single piece and is described as the bamboo spine (3D spine). B Representative transverse section CT-scan images of thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, and sacroiliac joint of Cynomolgus monkeys. The AS monkeys showing extensive syndesmophyte formation (blue arrowheads) in the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, with joint fusion in the sacroiliac joints. C X-ray examinations of the peripheral joints in Cynomolgus monkeys. Representative X-ray images of the wrists, elbows, knees, and tails of Cynomolgus monkeys, showing extensive bone erosion and/or syndesmophyte formation (red arrowheads) and joint fusion (green arrowheads) in the AS monkeys