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Table 2 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident gout according to various reproductive factors

From: Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women

 

Subjects (n)

Events

(n)

Follow-up duration (PYs)

Incidence rate (per 1000 PYs)

Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Age at menarche (years)

  ≤ 12

11,847

635

96,616

6.57

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

 13–14

146,020

8329

1,188,213

7.01

1.07 (0.98–1.16)

1.06 (0.98–1.15)

 

 15–16

430,498

24,984

3,505,757

7.13

1.08 (1.00–1.17)

1.07 (0.99–1.16)

 

  > 16

488,013

30,104

3,975,279

7.57

1.15 (1.06–1.24)

1.10 (1.02–1.19)

 

Age at menopause (years)

  < 40

15,754

1091

127,654

8.55

1.19 (1.12–1.26)

1.12 (1.06–1.19)

 

 40–44

53,742

3412

436,253

7.82

1.09 (1.05–1.13)

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

 

 45–49

290,992

17,389

2,371,231

7.33

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

 

 50–54

597,465

34,968

4,867,834

7.18

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

  ≥ 55

118,425

7192

962,894

7.47

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

0.97 (0.94–0.99)

 

Reproductive span (years)

  < 30

129,369

8259

1,051,444

7.85

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

 

1.10 (1.06–1.14)

 30–34

435,768

26,066

3,551,041

7.34

0.98 (0.96–1.02)

 

1.06 (1.02–1.09)

 35–39

439,093

25,375

3,577,359

7.09

0.95 (0.92–0.99)

 

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

  ≥ 40

72,148

4352

586,022

7.43

1 (Ref.)

 

1 (Ref.)

Oral contraceptives (years)

 Never

895,102

52,498

7,292,924

7.20

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

  < 1

110,098

6846

895,403

7.65

1.06 (1.04–1.09)

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

  ≥ 1

71,178

4708

577,539

8.15

1.13 (1.10–1.17)

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

Hormone replacement therapy (years)

 Never

877,088

51,071

7,142,979

7.15

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

  < 2

116,184

7508

946,434

7.93

1.11 (1.08–1.14)

1.16 (1.13–1.18)

1.16 (1.13–1.18)

 2–5

47,584

3075

387,867

7.93

1.11 (1.07–1.15)

1.16 (1.12–1.21)

1.16 (1.12–1.21)

  ≥ 5

35,522

2398

288,586

8.31

1.16 (1.12–1.21)

1.19 (1.14–1.23)

1.18 (1.14–1.23)

Parity

 0 children

28,422

1700

230,168

7.39

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 1 child

73,227

4210

595,161

7.07

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

  ≥ 2 children

974,729

58,142

7,940,536

7.32

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

Breastfeeding (months)

 Never

79,504

4619

644,896

7.16

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

  < 6

78,178

4070

637,261

6.39

0.89 (0.85–0.93)

0.93 (0.89–0.98)

0.93 (0.89–0.97)

 6–12

199,070

11,213

1,621,738

6.91

0.96 (0.93–1.00)

0.98 (0.94–1.01)

0.98 (0.94–1.01)

  ≥ 12

719,626

44,150

5,861,970

7.53

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

  1. PYs person-years, Ref. reference group
  2. Model 1: crude model
  3. Model 2: multivariable model including age, age at menarche, age at menopause, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, parity, breastfeeding, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and income
  4. Model 3: multivariable model including variables of Model 2 except for age at menarche and age at menopause replaced by reproductive span
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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