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Table 4 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for association between incident gout and various reproductive factors in women stratified by the presence/absence of chronic kidney disease

From: Association between female reproductive factors and gout: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 million postmenopausal women

 

No CKD

CKD

p for interaction

Age at menarche (years)

  

0.4141

  ≤ 12

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

 13–14

1.07 (0.98–1.16)

1.02 (0.80–1.29)

 

 15–16

1.06 (0.98–1.16)

1.09 (0.86–1.38)

 

  > 16

1.10 (1.01–1.20)

1.11 (0.87–1.40)

 

Age at menopause (years)

  

0.4028

  < 40

1.10 (1.03–1.18)

1.23 (1.06–1.42)

 

 40–44

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

 

 45–49

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

 

 50–54

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

  ≥ 55

0.97 (0.94–1.00)

0.95 (0.89–1.02)

 

Reproductive span

  

0.3525

  < 30

1.09 (1.05, 1.13)

1.15 (1.04, 1.26)

 

 30–34

1.05 (1.01, 1.08)

1.12 (1.03, 1.22)

 

 35–39

1.02 (0.98, 1.05)

1.04 (0.96, 1.14)

 

  ≥40

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

Oral contraceptives (years)

  

0.7684

 Never

1 (Ref.)

1(Ref.)

 

  < 1

1.03 (1.00–1.05)

1.07 (0.99–1.14)

 

  ≥ 1

1.05 (1.01–1.08)

1.06 (0.98–1.15)

 

Hormone replacement therapy (years)

  

<.0001

 Never

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

  < 2

1.17 (1.14–1.20)

1.06 (0.99–1.15)

 

 2–5

1.18 (1.13–1.22)

1.08 (0.97–1.20)

 

  ≥ 5

1.23 (1.17–1.28)

0.97 (0.86–1.08)

 

Parity

  

0.0296

 0 children

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

 1 child

1.02 (0.96–1.08)

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

 

  ≥ 2 children

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

1.00 (0.85–1.16)

 

Breastfeeding (months)

  

0.1159

 Never

1 (Ref.)

1 (Ref.)

 

  < 6

0.94 (0.89–0.98)

0.90 (0.79–1.02)

 

 6–12

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

0.86 (0.77–0.97)

 

  ≥ 12

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.89 (0.80–0.98)

 
  1. Multivariable model including age, age at menarche, age at menopause, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, parity, breastfeeding, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and income. For the analysis of the reproductive span, a modified version of multivariable model – in which age at menarche and age at menopause were replaced by reproductive span – was used
  2. Ref. reference group