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Table 1 Included “non-criteria” manifestations of APS [adapted from [3]]

From: The presence of non-criteria manifestations negatively affects the prognosis of seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome patients: a multicenter study

Non-obstetric manifestations

Obstetric

Majora

Infertility

Acute ischemic encephalopathy

Adrenal hemorrhage

Late IUGR (after 34 weeks)

APS nephropathy

Cardiac microvascular disease

Late pre-eclampsia (after 34 weeks)

Chorea

Evans syndrome

Placental abruption

Livedo reticularis/racemosa

Livedoid vasculopathy

Placental hematoma

Longitudinal myelitis

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Preterm birth (>34 to <37 weeks)

Superficial vein thrombosis

Thrombocytopenia

Puerperal pre-eclampsia

Valvular heart disease

 

Two or more unexplained in vitro fertilization failures

Minora

Two unexplained spontaneous abortions <10 weeks

Amaurosis fugax

Brain MRI white matter lesions

 

Cognitive dysfunction

Coombs’ test positivity

Hemolytic anemia

Ischemic necrosis of bone

Migraine

Pseudo-multiple sclerosis

Pulmonary hypertension

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Seizures

Sensorineural hearing loss

Splinter hemorrhages

 
  1. APS Antiphospholipid syndrome, IUGR Intrauterine growth restriction
  2. aWe considered as major manifestations those suggested, recommended, or strongly recommended to be included as part of the APS criteria revision in the report of the 14th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies Technical Task Force on APS Clinical Features [7] and those occurring in higher frequency in the cases categorized as “highly likely APS” in Phase III of the Development of New International Classification Criteria for Antiphospholipid Syndrome [19]