Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with different urine pH

n (%)

3565

574 (16.1)

1082 (30.4)

1058 (29.7)

515 (14.5)

336 (9.4)

-

Sex

<0.001

 Male, n (%)

3429 (96.2)

539 (93.9)

1041 (96.2)

1016 (96.0)

480 (93.2)

303 (90.2)

-

 Female, n (%)

136 (3.8)

35 (6.1)

41 (3.8)

42 (4.0)

35 (6.8)

33 (9.8)

-

Age, years

43 (33, 56)

47 (35, 62)^**

42 (33, 54)

42 (32, 55)

42 (33, 56)

43 (33, 58)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m²

26.58 (3.59)

26.55 (3.72)

26.93 (3.61)^**

26.60 (3.59)

26.43 (3.38)

25.67 (3.46)^**

<0.001

Duration of gout, years

4 (1.3, 8)

5 (2, 9.4)

4 (1.7, 8.0)

4 (1.7, 8.0)

3.6 (1.0, 8.0)

1.0 (1.0, 4.7)

<0.001

Alcohol history, n (%)

2317 (65.0)

342 (59.6)

779 (72.0)

697 (65.9)

310 (60.2)

189 (56.3)

<0.001

Smoking history, n (%)

1580 (44.3)

269 (46.9)

519 (48.0)

456 (43.1)

209 (40.6)

127 (37.8)

<0.01

Hypertension, n (%)

884 (24.8)

185 (32.2)

240 (22.2)

247 (23.3)

132 (25.6)

80 (23.8)

<0.001

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

156 (4.4)

40 (7.0)

38 (3.5)

40 (3.8)

26 (5.0)

12 (3.6)

<0.05

Tophus, n (%)

688 (19.3)

116 (20.2)

230 (21.3)

230 (21.7)

86 (16.7)

26 (7.7)

<0.001

History of renal lithiasis

<0.001

 Yes, n (%)

596 (16.7)

108 (18.8)

172 (15.9)

167 (15.8)

83 (16.1)

66 (19.6)

 No, n (%)

2193 (61.5)

286 (49.8)

763 (70.5)

754 (71.3)

293 (56.9)

97 (28.9)

 Unknown, n (%)

776(21.8)

180 (31.4)

147 (13.6)

137 (12.9)

139 (27.0)

173 (51.5)

 Regular ULT, n (%)

3 (0.08)

0

2 (0.18)

1 (0.09)

0

0

0.641

 Occasional ULT, n (%)

660 (18.5)

78 (13.6)

229 (21.2)

225 (21.3)

90 (17.5)

38 (11.3)

<0.001

 NSAIDs/ steroids for gout flares

442 (12.4)

60 (10.5)

146 (13.5)

155 (14.7)

66 (12.8)

15 (4.5)

<0.001

SBP, mmHg

130 (120, 140)

129 (120, 140)

131 (120, 141)^**

130 (120, 140)

128 (118, 140)

129 (119, 138)

<0.001

DBP, mmHg

82 (76, 90)

82 (77, 90)

83 (76, 90)^*

81 (75, 90)

81 (74, 90)

82 (77, 90)

0.143

ALT, U/L

26 (18, 39)

27 (18, 41)^**

26(19, 41)^**

26 (18, 39)^*

24 (18, 36)

26 (17, 38)

<0.05

AST, U/L

21 (17, 26)

22 (18, 28)^**

21 (17, 26)

21 (17, 26)

21 (17, 25)

21 (17, 26)

<0.05

FBG, mmol/L

5.42 (5.08, 5.87)

5.46 (5.07, 5.92)

5.45 (5.08, 5.88)

5.45 (5.06, 5.88)

5.37 (5.07, 5.82)

5.33 (5.06, 5.77)

0.06

TG, mmol/L

1.82 (1.27, 2.65)

1.93 (1.32, 2.77)^**

1.92 (1.35, 2.83)^**

1.68 (1.19, 2.42)

1.79 (1.26, 2.47)

1.85 (1.30, 2.48)

<0.001

TC, mmol/L

4.90 (0.96)

4.93 (1.05)

4.94 (0.91)

4.85 (0.97)

4.85 (0.93)

5.01 (0.99)^*

<0.05

HDL, mmol/L

1.07 (0.27)

1.06 (0.26)^*

1.05 (0.27)^*

1.06 (0.28)

1.09 (0.26)

1.13 (0.27)^**

<0.001

LDL, mmol/L

3.25 (0.93)

3.19 (0.91)

3.31 (0.95)

3.24 (0.97)

3.21 (0.88)

3.22 (0.87)

0.089

BUN, mmol/L

4.50 (3.80, 5.40)

4.70 (3.90, 5.75)^**

4.60 (3.80, 5.50)^**

4.40 (3.70, 5.30)

4.40 (3.70, 5.20)

4.30 (3.63, 5.28)

<0.001

sCr, μmol/L

85.20 (18.32)

89.31 (22.35)^**

85.63 (18.12)^**

84.88 (16.65)^**

81.94 (17.74)

82.85(15.71)

<0.001

SU, μmol/L

517 (453, 583)

531 (471, 600)^**

526 (461, 597)^**

515 (451, 583)^**

496 (437.3, 550)

487 (417, 548)

<0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

98.32 (86.03, 110.6)

93.81 (81.33, 107.9)^**

97.70 (86.12, 109.8)^**

98.66 (86.97, 110.8)^**

101.8(89.02, 112.4)

99.02 (87.26, 111.8)

<0.001

uCr, μmol/L

6619 (4205, 13146)

8830 (4812, 14406)^**

5688 (4025, 11791)

5944 (4096, 12087)

6162 (4025, 12660)

11771 (5652, 15,229)^**

<0.001

uUA, μmol/L

1776 (1049, 3167)

2147 (1197, 3367)^**

1484 (935, 2850)^*

1673 (1014, 2999)

1746 (1046, 3128)

2753 (1526, 3923)^**

<0.001

UUE, mg/d/1.73 m²

616.91 (445.10, 1031.52)

633.70 (441.72, 1118.87)

578.08 (424.98, 868.95)^**

599.31 (455.90, 932.97)

639.48 (435.36, 1067.49 )

507.38 (427.51, 667.95)^**

<0.001

FEUA, %

4.13 (3.34, 4.98)

4.04 (3.21, 5.03)^**

3.97 ( 3.22, 4.69)^**

4.19 (3.38, 5.08)

4.33 (3.54, 5.15)

4.24 (3.55, 5.46)

<0.001

pH

5.63 (5.37, 6.09)

5.00 (5.00, 5.00)^**

5.50 (5.34, 5.50)^**

6.00 (5.80, 6.00)^**

6.50 (6.50, 6.50)

7.00 (7.00, 7.00 )

<0.001