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Table 3 Association of urine pH subgroups with prevalence of kidney disease outcomes

From: Association of acidic urine pH with impaired renal function in primary gout patients: a Chinese population-based cross-sectional study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

> Stage 1 CKD

 pH ≤ 5.0

2.26 (1.76~2.91)

<0.001

1.74 (1.28~2.37)

<0.001

1.61 (1.15~2.25)

0.005

 5.0 < pH≤ 5.5

1.38 (1.10~1.73)

0.006

1.31 (1.00~1.73)

0.05

1.20 (0.89~1.62)

0.22

 5.5 < pH < 6.2

1.17 (0.93~1.47)

0.18

1.19 (0.90~1.57)

0.23

1.17 (0.87~1.59)

0.30

 6.2 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

 pH > 6.9

1.33 (0.99~1.79)

0.06

1.31 (0.90~1.90)

0.16

1.12 (0.75~1.69)

0.58

Nephrolithiasis

 pH ≤ 5.0

2.12 (1.56~2.87)

<0.001

1.71 (1.25~2.34)

0.001

1.51 (1.07~2.14)

0.02

 5.0 < pH≤ 5.5

0.86 (0.64~1.16)

0.32

0.76 (0.56~1.04)

0.088

0.55 (0.39~0.78)

0.001

 5.5 < pH < 6.2

0.98 (0.73~1.31)

0.87

0.90 (0.66~1.22)

0.486

0.80 (0.57~1.12)

0.20

 6.2 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

 pH > 6.9

1.19 (0.82~1.73)

0.365

1.08 (0.73~1.60)

0.706

1.14 (0.74~1.76)

0.55

Kidney cyst

 pH ≤ 5.0

2.24 (1.56~3.21)

<0.001

1.69 (1.14~2.51)

0.009

1.69 (1.10~2.59)

0.02

 5.0 < pH≤ 5.5

1.39 (0.99~1.97)

0.06

1.39 (0.96~2.02)

0.08

1.26 (0.84~1.90)

0.26

 5.5 < pH < 6.2

1.21 (0.85~1.71)

0.29

1.31 (0.90~1.91)

0.16

1.31 (0.87~1.96)

0.20

 6.2 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

 pH > 6.9

2.28 (1.53~3.41)

<0.001

2.12 (1.37~3.30)

0.001

2.08 (1.28~3.39)

0.003

Microhematuria

 pH ≤ 5.0

1.94 (1.48~2.52)

<0.001

1.94 (1.47~2.57)

<0.001

1.77 (1.29~2.44)

<0.001

 5.0 < pH≤ 5.5

1.37 (1.07~1.77)

0.013

1.44 (1.11~1.87)

0.007

1.19 (0.87~1.61)

0.28

 5.5 < pH < 6.2

1.31 (1.02~1.69)

0.035

1.41 (1.08~1.83)

0.011

1.35 (1.00~1.83)

0.053

 6.2 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

 pH > 6.9

1.50 (1.11~2.03)

0.009

1.39 (1.01~1.92)

0.042

1.79 (1.24~2.58)

0.002

Proteinuria

 pH ≤ 5.0

3.44 (1.71~6.92)

<0.001

2.41 (1.18~4.93)

0.016

1.86 (0.85~4.07)

0.12

 5.0 < pH≤ 5.5

3.79 (1.92~7.46)

<0.001

3.42 (1.72~6.81)

<0.001

2.83 (1.33~6.01)

0.007

 5.5 < pH < 6.2

3.17 (1.60~6.31)

<0.001

3.02 (1.50~6.06)

0.002

2.19 (1.02~4.72)

0.044

 6.2 ≤ pH ≤ 6.9

Reference

-

Reference

-

Reference

-

 pH > 6.9

1.82 (0.80~4.14)

0.16

1.32 (0.56~3.14)

0.53

0.88(0.32~2.39)

0.80

  1. Model 1 represents unadjusted ORs. Model 2 included demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, duration of gout, presence of tophi and SU. In model 3, further covariates were added to model 2, including history of hypertension and diabetes