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Fig. 3 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Senescent skeletal cells cross-talk with synovial cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Fig. 3

Associations between senescence and OA in different tissues. A variety of aging-related factors induce cellular senescence within joint tissues. These senescent cells in different tissues can lead to common changes in OA through the SASP or related signaling pathways. ROS, reactive oxygen species; IL, Interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CCN1, Cellular communication network factor 1; ECM, extracellular matrix; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; APLN, Adipokine apelin; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype

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