Table 1 Comparison of clinical features among development and validation data sets

Number

1238

2023

Age, years

42 (32–53)

43 (33–57)^**

BMI, kg/m²

27.0 (24.8–29.3)

26.0 (24.1–28.4)^**

SBP, mmHg

129 (120–140)

130 (120–140)

DBP, mmHg

81 (75–90)

82 (77–90)^**

SU, μmol/L

522 (462–585)

522 (455–589)

Glu, mmol/L

5.38 (5.00–5.77)

5.46 (5.13–5.90)^**

TG, mmol/L

1.73 (1.22–2.50)

1.99 (1.39–2.88)^**

TC, mmol/L

4.80 (4.26–5.44)

4.89 (4.30–5.52)

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.46 (2.88–4.04)

3.06 (2.52–3.61)^**

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.05 (0.89–1.22)

1.02 (0.89–1.19)

BUN, mmol/L

4.29 (3.60–5.10)

4.60 (3.90–5.40)^**

sCr, μmol/L

81.00 (73.00–90.00)

85.00 (76.00–95.00)^**

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

96.3 (84.9–110.1)

90.9 (78.5–105.7)^**

Tophi, n (%)

380 (37.1)

-

Nephrolithiasis, n (%)

173 (17.9)

715 (35.3)^**

Hypertension, n (%)

215 (21.5)

142 (7.0)^**

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

20 (2.0)

36 (1.8)

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

24 (2.4)

30 (1.5)

Smoking, n (%)

355 (35.6)

705 (35.1)

Drinking, n (%)

749 (74.9)

1022 (50.7)^**

Family history^a, n (%)

503 (49.2)

-

FE_UA, %

4.2 (3.4–5.0)

4.0 (3.3–4.9)^*

Adjusted FE_UA^b, %

4.21 (0.99)

4.26 (1.37)

RUE, n (%)

83.4%

83.0%