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Table 3 All-cause mortality within 1 year among patients initiating tramadol compared with other propensity score-matched analgesics among patients with OA

From: Association of tramadol with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, venous thromboembolism, and hip fractures among patients with osteoarthritis: a population-based study

Ā 

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Tramadol cohort

(n=12269)

Naproxen

cohort

(n=12269)

Tramadol cohort

(n=15749)

Diclofenac cohort

(n=15749)

Tramadol cohort

(n=15410)

Cox-2 inhibitors cohort

(n=15410)

Tramadol cohort

(n=6751)

Codeine cohort

(n=6751)

Event (n)

266

227

399

313

377

255

155

180

Mean follow-up (years)

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.99

0.98

Rate, per 1000 PY

21.7

18.5

25.3

19.9

24.5

16.6

23.0

26.7

RD (95% CI), per 1000 PY

3.3 (0.0ā€“6.7)

1.0 (ref)

5.6 (2.3ā€“9.0)

1.0 (ref)

8.1 (4.9ā€“11.4)

1.0 (ref)

āˆ’3.8 (āˆ’9.2ā€“1.5)

1.0 (ref)

HR (95% CI)

1.2 (1.0ā€“1.4)

1.0 (ref)

1.3 (1.1ā€“1.5)

1.0 (ref)

1.5 (1.3ā€“1.8)

1.0 (ref)

0.9 (0.7ā€“1.1)

1.0 (ref)

  1. Abbreviations: OA osteoarthritis, PY person-years, RD rate difference, HR hazard ratio