Association of tramadol with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, venous thromboembolism, and hip fractures among patients with osteoarthritis: a population-based study

Table 6 Hip fracture risk within 1 year among patients initiating tramadol compared with other propensity score-matched analgesics among patients with OA

	Group 1		Group 2		Group 3		Group 4
	Tramadol cohort (n=11885)	Naproxen cohort (n=11885)	Tramadol cohort (n=15339)	Diclofenac cohort (n=15339)	Tramadol cohort (n=15072)	Cox-2 inhibitors cohort (n=15072)	Tramadol cohort (n=6551)	Codeine cohort (n=6551)
Event (n)	59	42	82	53	81	56	32	35
Mean follow-up (years)	0.98	0.99	0.98	0.99	0.98	0.99	0.98	0.98
Rate, per 1000 PY	5.0	3.5	5.4	3.5	5.4	3.7	4.9	5.3
RD (95% CI), per 1000 PY	1.5 (−0.2−3.1)	1.0 (ref)	1.9 (0.4−3.4)	1.0 (ref)	1.7 (0.2−3.3)	1.0 (ref)	−0.4 (−3.0−2.1)	1.0 (ref)
HR (95% CI)	1.4 (1.1−1.9)	1.0 (ref)	1.6 (1.2−2.0)	1.0 (ref)	1.4 (1.1−1.8)	1.0 (ref)	0.9 (0.7−1.3)	1.0 (ref)

Abbreviations: OA osteoarthritis, PY person-years, RD rate difference, HR hazard ratio

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