Skip to main content

Table 2 Clinical and imaging associations of quantitative analysis of skeletal muscle changes

From: Using magnetic resonance imaging to map the hidden burden of muscle involvement in systemic sclerosis

 

Muscle inflammation

Muscle damage

 

Mean T2-mapping time

Fat fraction

SMT

Visual imaging assessment

Coefficient (95% CI)

p value

Coefficient (95% CI)

p value

Coefficient (95% CI)

p value

Muscle oedemaa

2.46 (0.44–4.48)

0.019

− 2.16 (− 5.17 to 0.85)

0.153

− 67.99 (− 286.11 to 150.13)

0.529

Fatty infiltration

3.41 (0.69–6.13)

0.016

− 3.28 (− 7.31 to 0.75)

0.107

− 128.46 (− 421.60 to 164.67)

0.378

Any chronic muscle damage on MRIb

3.03 (0.48–5.59)

0.022

− 2.32 (− 6.14 to 1.50)

0.224

− 149.02 (− 419.69 to 121.64)

0.279

Clinical variable

 Age

0.25 (− 0.12 to 0.17)

0.728

− 0.07 (− 0.27 to 0.13)

0.482

− 4.28 (− 18.39 to 9.84)

0.541

 mRSS

0.05 (− 0.05 to 0.15)

0.315

− 0.02 (− 0.17 to 0.12)

0.754

− 2.61 (− 12.77 to 7.56)

0.605

 mRSS > 14

1.73 (− 0.42 to 3.89)

0.111

− 1.34 (− 4.46 to 1.78)

0.387

− 39.96 (− 262.22 to 182.31)

0.716

 Disease duration

0.05 (− 0.11 to 0.20)

0.546

0.01 (− 0.20 to 0.22)

0.934

− 12.72 (− 27.33 to 1.90)

0.086

 Current prednisolone use

0.41 (− 1.94 to 2.75)

0.727

− 2.36 (− 5.54 to 0.82)

0.140

46.67 (− 185.34 to 278.69)

0.684

 MMT < 5

− 5.58 (− 8.14 to 3.02)

< 0.001

1.44 (− 3.15 to 6.04)

0.526

382.12 (88.80 to 675.44)

0.012

 CK

0.003 (− 0.007 to 0.01)

0.602

− 0.02 (− 0.03 to − 0.01)

0.006

0.94 (− 0.03 to 1.91)

0.057

 ESR

− 0.06 (− 0.14 to 0.01)

0.079

0.002 (− 0.11 to 0.11)

0.970

2.42 (− 5.10 to 9.94)

0.516

 CRP

0.02 (− 0.21 to 0.24)

0.879

0.12 (− 0.18 to 0.41)

0.414

0.39 (− 21.65 to 22.43)

0.971

 Arthritis

− 2.00 (− 4.09 to 0.09)

0.060

1.12 (− 1.97 to 4.20)

0.465

87.97 (− 129.15 to 305.09)

0.415

 Digital ulcers

− 0.60 (− 2.77 to 1.57)

0.576

− 0.29 (− 3.35 to 2.78)

0.850

9.21 (− 206.88 to 225.29)

0.931

 ILD

− 0.94 (− 3.93 to 2.04)

0.523

− 1.68 (− 5.84 to 2.49)

0.417

198.43 (− 89.22 to 486.09)

0.169

 FVC < 70%

− 1.94 (− 0.76 to 4.64)

0.152

2.14 (− 1.70 to 5.98)

0.264

230.71 (− 31.87 to 493.28)

0.083

Cardiac imaging

 LVEF (CMR)

− 0.05 (− 0.22 to 0.13)

0.606

0.18 (− 0.06 to 0.43)

0.131

− 8.41 (− 25.84 to 9.02)

0.332

 LV GLS (CMR)

0.15 (− 0.35 to 0.65)

0.545

− 0.60 (− 1.30 to 0.09)

0.085

18.44 (− 31.38 to 68.27)

0.455

 T1-mapping (SASHA)

0.04 (0.02 to 0.06)

0.001

0.005 (− 0.03 to 0.04)

0.780

− 1.78 (− 4.13 to 0.56)

0.131

 T1-mapping (ShMOLLI)

0.02 (− 0.01 to 0.05)

0.117

0.02 (− 0.02 to 0.06)

0.261

− 0.72 (− 3.63 to 2.18)

0.614

 T2-mapping (FLASH)

0.23 (− 0.06 to 0.52)

0.118

0.11 (− 0.32 to 0.54)

0.603

− 28.41 (− 56.57 to − 0.25)

0.048

  1. Analysis by linear regression
  2. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, CK creatine kinase, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, FVC forced vital capacity, GLS global longitudinal strain, ILD interstitial lung disease, LV left ventricle, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MMT manual muscle testing, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, mRSS modified Rodnan skin score, SMT skeletal muscle tissue
  3. a Muscle oedema present based on qualitative assessment of muscle by radiologists
  4. b Evidence of either muscle atrophy or fatty infiltration of muscle based on qualitative assessment of muscle by radiologists