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Table 2 Effect of oral PUFA supplementation on parameters of inflammatory rheumatic disease activity compared to control

From: Impact of type and dose of oral polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on disease activity in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Parameters

Effect of PUFA supplementation over time

I2

After 1 month of treatment

After 3 months of treatment

After 6 months of treatment

Overall effecta

Tender joints

N=3

n=122 (62+60)

− 0.34 [−0.75, 0.08]

N=15

n=606 (305+301)

− 0.26 [−0.57, 0.05]

N=9

n=408 (206+202)

− 0.39 [−0.78, −0.000]

− 0.31 [−0.52, −0.10]

p=0.004

67%R

Swollen joints

N=3

n=122 (62+60)

− 0.09 [−0.70, 0.51]

N=11

n=467 (237+230)

− 0.32 [−0.55, −0.09]

N=7

n=330 (168+162)

− 0.11 [−0.42, 0.19]

− 0.22 [−0.39, −0.05]

p=0.01

39%R

Morning stiffness duration

N=2

n=56 (29+27)

− 0.47 [−1.60, 0.66]

N=11

n=509 (258+251)

− 0.19 [−0.36, −0.01]

N=6

n=192 (100+92)

− 0.77 [−1.39, −0.16]

− 0.38 [−0.61, −0.15]

p=0.001

56%R

VAS pain

N=3

n=106 (53+53)

− 1.46 [−4.33, 1.41]

N=13

n=597 (300+297)

− 0.57 [−0.99, −0.15]

N=11

n=549 (279+270)

− 0.32 [−1.24, 0.60]

−0.48 [−0.95, −0.01]

p=0.04

93%R

VAS activity

N=2

n=86 (43+43)

− 1.04 [−2.47, 0.38]

N=7

n=266 (136+130)

− 1.08 [−2.16, −0.009]

N=8

n=280 (143+137)

− 1.04 [−1.92, −0.16]

− 1.05 [−1.63, −0.47]

p<0.001

91%R

DAS28

 

N=7

n=419 (209+210)

− 0.41 [−0.78, −0.04]

N=3

n=255 (126+129)

− 0.22 [−0.47, 0.02]

−0.36 [−0.60, −0.11]

p=0.005

58% R

CRP

N=1

n=46 (23+23)

−0.52 [−1.10, 0.07]

N=13

n=669 (335+334)

0.15 [−0.44, 0.74]

N=5

n=238 (118+120)

−0.62 [−1.17, −0.06]

−0.08 [−0.53, 0.36]

p=0.71

90%R

ESR

N=3

n=106 (53+53)

− 0.47 [−0.86, −0.08]

N=11

n=426 (214+212)

− 0.25 [−0.50, 0.002]

N=6

n=186 (92+94)

−0.23 [−0.52, 0.06]

− 0.28 [−0.43, −0.13]

p<0.001

44% R

HAQ

N=2

n=86 (43+43)

−0.15 [−0.93, 0.63]

N=3

n=204 (103+101)

−1.48 [−2.92, −0.04]

N=4

n=316 (160+156)

−0.48 [−0.87, −0.09]

− 0.66 [−1.11, −0.21]

p=0.004

85%R

  1. Data are standardized mean difference [95% confidence interval]
  2. VAS visual analog scale, DAS28 Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire, N number of studies, n number of patients, n=Z (X+Y) Z=number of participants (X=number of patients receiving PUFAs + Y=number of controls), R random effects analysis, F fixed effects analysis
  3. a When pooling all studies and timepoints