Table 1 Characteristics of the SLE patients

Age, years

50 ± 11

Women, n (%)

177 (95)

Body mass index, kg/m²

27 ± 5

Abdominal circumference, cm

92 ± 13

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

128 ± 20

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

84 ± 52

Cardiovascular comorbidity

Smoking, n (%)

31 (17)

Diabetes, n (%)

0 (0)

Hypertension, n (%)

70 (28)

Obesity, n (%)

48 (26)

Statins, n (%)

45 (24)

Aspirin, n (%)

48 (26)

Antihypertensive treatment, n (%)

65 (35)

Analytical and lipid profile data

CRP, mg/dl

1.9 (0.9–4.9)

Cholesterol, mg/dl

200 ± 38

Triglycerides, mg/dl

127 ± 81

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

63 ± 21

LDL cholesterol, mg/dl

111 ± 29

LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio

1.92 ± 0.74

Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

198 ± 38

Apolipoprotein A1, mg/dl

179 ± 37

Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl

96 ± 23

Apo B:A1 ratio

0.55 ± 0.16

Lipoprotein (a), mg/dl

37 (13–106)

Atherogenic index

3.4 ± 1.1

Apolipoprotein C3, mg/dl

1.75 (1.24–2.59)

SLE-related data

Disease duration, years

17 ± 9

SLICC

1 (0–2)

SLICC ≥ 1, n (%)

136 (73)

Katz index

2 (1–3)

SLEDAI

2 (0–5)

SLEDAI categories, n (%)

 No activity, n (%)

73 (39)

 Mild or moderate, n (%)

90 (48)

 High or very high, n (%)

13 (7)

Auto-antibody profile

 Anti-DNA positive, n (%)

96 (52)

 ENA positive, n (%)

63 (34)

 Anti-Ro, n (%)

61 (33)

 Anti-La, n (%)

30 (16)

 Anti-RNP, n (%)

47 (25)

 Anti-Sm, n (%)

21 (11)

Any antiphospholipid autoantibodies, n (%)

 Lupus anticoagulant, n (%)

36 (19)

 ACA IgM, n (%)

20 (11)

 ACA IgG, n (%)

30 (16)

 Anti-beta2 glycoprotein IgM, n (%)

12 (6)

 Anti-beta2 glycoprotein IgG, n (%)

22 (12)

C3, mg/dl

143 ± 52

C4, mg/dl

27 ± 14

Current prednisone, n (%)

95 (51)

Prednisone, mg/day

5 (5–7.5)

DMARDs, n (%)

144 (77)

Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

126 (68)

Hydroxychloroquine, mg/day

200 (200–300)

Methotrexate, n (%)

21 (11)

Mycophenolate mofetil, n (%)

15 (8)

Azathioprine, n (%)

25 (13)

Rituximab, n (%)

6 (3)

Belimumab, n (%)

3 (2)