Table 5 Comparison of characteristics according to exposure to TNFis in the IPTW-adjusted population

 Age, year, weighted mean (SE)

36.083 (1.587)

36.188 (0.956)

0.955

 Male, weighted n (%)

148.90 (71.73)

142.00 (73.96)

0.749

 Hypertension, weighted n (%)

25.52 (12.30)

23.00 (11.98)

0.934

 Diabetes mellitus, weighted n (%)

13.59 (6.54)

12.00 (6.25)

0.924

 Dyslipidemia, weighted n (%)

32.44 (15.63)

28.00 (14.58)

0.821

 Current Smoker, weighted n (%)

20.91 (10.07)

20.00 (10.42)

0.924

 BMI, kg/m², weighted mean (SE)

23.815 (0.351)

23.676 (0.268)

0.752

 Symptom duration, year, weighted mean (SE)

6.926 (0.591)

7.045 (0.573)

0.885

 HLA-B27 positive, weighted n (%)

177.37 (85.45)

152.00 (79.17)

0.162

 Radiographic axSpA, weighted n (%)

168.50 (81.18)

152.00 (79.17)

0.695

 Syndesmophyte present, weighted n (%)

66.18 (31.88)

52.00 (27.08)

0.493

 ESR, mm/h, weighted mean (SE)

26.038 (2.423)

27.156 (1.837)

0.713

 CRP, mg/L, weighted mean (SE)

8.866 (1.165)

10.555 (1.700)

0.413

 Non-selective NSAIDs, weighted n (%)

144.55 (69.64)

155.00 (80.73)

0.105

 Selective COX-2 inhibitors, weighted n (%)

166.84 (80.38)

159.00 (82.81)

0.742

 Methotrexate, weighted n (%)

16.21 (7.81)

13.00 (6.77)

0.737

 Sulfasalazine, weighted n (%)

152.30 (73.37)

154.00 (80.21)

0.336

 Aspirin, weighted n (%)

7.29 (3.51)

5.00 (2.60)

0.704

 ACEi or ARB, weighted n (%)

20.71 (9.98)

19.00 (9.90)

0.982

 SGLT2 inhibitors, weighted n (%)

2.12 (1.02)

3.00 (1.56)

0.624

 Statin, weighted n (%)

25.91 (12.48)

22.00 (11.46)

0.808

 Time-averaged ESR, mm/h, weighted mean (SE)

16.354 (1.769)

15.149 (0.850)

0.540

 Time-averaged CRP, mg/l, weighted mean (SE)

4.901 (1.103)

4.617 (0.442)

0.811

 Incident cardiovascular disease, weighted n (%)

7.11 (3.42)

12.00 (6.25)

0.403