Fig. 3

Less calcium mobilization of activated B cells exposed to m/lEVs. A The kinetic of calcium mobilization in total B cells based on the ratio of Indo 1 AM bound/unbound. The B cells were kept unstimulated for 30 s and then treated with anti-BCR in the presence or absence of HD-m/lEVs, PRA-m/lEVs, or PRA-m/lEV-ICs for 210 s (indicated with an arrow). The mean of 5 HD is shown. In the inserted small figure, the linear slopes of calcium mobilization at 30 − 90-s period (linear) are shown. Data of five HD and median are shown. B The area under the curve of calcium mobilization in total B cells at 0 − 30-s (left panel), 30 − 120-s (center panel), and 120 − 240-s (right panel) periods. The data of 5 HD and median are shown. C The area under the curve of calcium mobilization in the 30 − 120-s (top panel) and 120 − 240-s (bottom panel) periods for transitional, CD27⁻IgM⁺, CD27⁺IgM⁺, CD27⁺IgM⁻, and CD27⁻IgM⁻ B cell subsets. Data of 5 HD and median are shown. D Representative histogram of tyrosine phosphorylation (p-Tyr, left panel) in B cells without stimulation or those treated with anti-IgM in the presence or absence of HD-m/lEVs, PRA-m/lEVs, or PRA-m/lEV-ICs. The mean fluorescence intensity of p-Tyr (right panel) in B cells of 7 HD donors and median are shown. A–D Kruskal − Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001