Table 2 Demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of the different groups of study participants
Patients with axSpA (n = 41) | Women with postpartum buttock/pelvic pain (n = 46) | Patients with disc herniation (n = 25) | Healthy subjects (n = 92) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic feature | ||||
Age, years | 30.9 (6.41) | 32.6 (3.25 )† | 35.2 (5.70)† | 34 (6.42)† |
Male sex, no. (%) | 26 (63.4) | 0 (0)§ | 11 (44.0) | 45 (48.9) |
HLA-B27 positive, no. (%) | 33 (80.5) | 5 (10.9)§ | 0 (0)§ | 6 (6.5)§ |
CRP, mg/ liter | 11.4 (13.5) | 1.66 (2.06)§ | 2.19 (3.28)§ | 1.71 (3.01)§ |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.1 (2.95) | 25.0 (4.39) | 26.1 (4.03) | 24.50 (3.45) |
No. of childbirths if woman | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 2.14 (1.13) |
Years since last childbirth if woman | 4.9 (4.6) | 0.7 (0.3) | 9.1 (7.0) | 7 (6.8) |
Symptom duration, years | 8 (5.6) | 1 (0.8)§ | 0.8 (0.4)§ | NA |
Smoking status, no (%) | ||||
Daily smoker | 10 (24.4) | 2 (4.3) | 12 (48.0) | 12 (13) |
Occasional smoker | 9 (22.0) | 6 (13.0) | 4 (16.0) | 11 (12) |
Never smoked | 13 (31.7) | 25 (54.3) | 7 (28.0) | 62 (67.4) |
Previous smoker | 8 (19.5) | 13 (28.3) | 2 (8.0) | 7 (7.6) |
Physical activity (%) | ||||
Light | 11 (26.8) | 7 (15.2) | 9 (36.0) | 17 (18.5) |
Moderate | 11 (26.8) | 29 (63.0) | 7 (28.0) | 23 (25) |
Heavy | 13 (31.7) | 8 (17.4) | 6 (24.0) | 21 (22.8) |
Most heavy | 6 (14.6) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (12.0) | 31 (33.7) |
Inflammatory back pain, no. (%) | 41 (100) | 11 (23.9)§ | 3 (12.0)§ | 0 (0) |
Medical history of SpA features, no (%) | ||||
Arthritis | 12 (29.3) | 0 (0)§ | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0) |
Enthesitis | 6 (14.6) | 1 (2.2)† | 0 (0) | 9 (9.8) |
Uveitis | 9 (22.0) | 0 (0)§ | 0 (0) | 0 (0)§ |
Psoriasis | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Inflammatory bowel disease, no. (%) | 4 (9.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0)‡ |
Clinical examination | ||||
SJC ≥ 1, no. (%) | 1 (2.4%) | NA | NA | NA |
TJC ≥ 1, no. (%) | 2 (4.8%) | NA | NA | NA |
Pain | 3.9.8 (25.1) | NA | NA | NA |
Physician global VAS score | 4.3 (2.7) | NA | NA | NA |
BASDAI score | 4 (2,1) | NA | NA | NA |
BASFI score | 2.7 (2.1) | NA | NA | NA |
BASMI score | 1.2 (1.7) | 0.3 (0.7)§ | 0.5 (0.6) | 2.85 (7.19)§ |
SPARCC SI joint score | ||||
Inflammation score (0–48) | 10.8 (10.7) | 3.88 (5.7)‡ | 0.3 (0.9)§ | 0.41 (1.01)§ |
SSS fat lesion score (scale 0–40) | 12 (11.1) | 0.5 (2.3)§ | 0.3 (1.0)§ | 0.6 (2)§ |
SSS erosion score (scale 0–40) | 5.2 (4.8) | 0.5 (2.2)§ | 0.02 (0.1)§ | 0.05 (0.2)§ |
SSS backfill score (scale 0–20) | 4.8 (5.6) | 0 (0)§ | 0 (0)§ | 0 (0)§ |
SSS ankylosis score (scale 0–20) | 3.5 (6.0) | 0 (0)§ | 0 (0)§ | 0 (0)§ |
Extracellular biomarkers levels, ng/ml | ||||
C1M | 84.3 (85.7) | 36.7 (20.2) | 42.4 (28.1) | 34.20 (20.98) |
C2M | 23.97 (6.98) | 28.12 (9.70) | 27.65 (19.25) | 23.16 (6.60) |
T2CM | 5.56 (1.35) | 5.66 (1.66) | 5.96 (1.44) | 5.71 (2.60) |
C3M | 15.6 (3.95) | 14.0 (1.90) | 13.9 (4.46) | 13.84 (3.04) |
C4M | 34.9 (10.2) | 27.5 (4.59) | 28.0 (8.64) | 28.03 (8.74)§ |
C6M | 20.5 (5.75) | 17.2 (2.83) | 19.4 (4.85) | 16.89 (4.52)§ |
C10C | 2570 (462) | 2610 (450) | 2530 (632) | 2557.12 (593.15) |
COL10NC | 9.15 (5.81) | 9.33 (13.2) | 8.32 (4.95) | 9.78 (5.32) |
PROM | 0.30 (0.09) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.27 (0.08) | 0.26 (0.08) |
VICM | 5.80 (4.36) | 3.85 (2.63)‡ | 3.65 (3.09) | 3.65 (2.38) |
CRPM | 11.9 (2.87) | 11.0 (5.16)‡ | 12.9 (12.4) | 10.42 (2.55)‡ |
PRO-C2 | 22.39 (6.27) | 25.47 (10.30) | 21.88 (6.91) | 27.10 (20.93) |
PRO-C3 | 10.2 (2.52) | 11.2 (2.87) | 11.2 (3.70) | 11.40 (2.79)‡ |
PRO-C4 | 7370.07 (763.99) | 6811.70 (687.48)§ | 7083.46 (1149.44) | 6491.39 (834.36)§ |
PRO-C6 | 6.94 (2.45) | 7.93 (3.51) | 7.61 (2.87) | 6.11 (1.36) |