Fig. 3

XOI-based ULT effects on AA metabolism. A Samples collected specially at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment showed significant alterations in aromatic AA, branched-chain AA, G-glutamyl AA. Green: indicates significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the groups shown, metabolite ratio of < 1.00. Light green: narrowly missed statistical cutoff for significance 0.05 < p < 0.10, metabolite ratio of < 1.00. Red: indicates significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the groups shown, metabolite ratio of ≥ 1.00. Light red: narrowly missed statistical cutoff for significance 0.05 < p < 0.10, metabolite ratio of ≥ 1.00. Blue: indicates significant (p ≤ 0.05) ANOVA. Light blue: indicates 0.05 < p < 0.10 ANOVA effect. B PCA at different time points using only microbiome-related metabolites. C Correlation between metabolites derived from AA that were significant at 12 weeks of ULT titration to target (Y-axis) and metabolites shown to predict microbiome diversity (X-axis). D Correlation between metabolites derived from AA that were not significant at 12 weeks of ULT titration to target (Y-axis) and metabolites shown to predict microbiome diversity (X-axis). Pearson correlation (r) in C and D with a cutoff value of 0.5. The orange color indicates a positive correlation > 0.5, and the dark blue indicates negative correlation ≤0.5