Table 2 Odds ratios (OR) for coffee consumption and risk of developing RA among 2184 newly diagnosed RA cases and 4201 controls, matched on age, sex, and residential area

N cases/controls

571/1164

947/1874

483/907

183/256

p-value for trend

Crude OR

Ref

1.04 (0.91–1.18)

1.11 (0.95–1.29)

1.50 (1.20–1.88)

0.0013

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

0.97 (0.85–1.11)

0.93 (0.79–1.09)

1.16 (0.92–1.46)

0.61

Full model^a

Ref

0.99 (0.86–1.13)

0.94 (0.79–1.12)

1.14 (0.89–1.45)

0.64

N cases/controls

445/894

684/1401

327/573

105/136

Crude OR

Ref

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

1.17 (0.97–1.40)

1.60 (1.19–2.13)

0.0022

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

0.92 (0.79–1.07)

0.97 (0.80–1.18)

1.19 (0.88–1.61)

0.56

Full model^b

Ref

0.95 (0.81–1.12)

1.02 (0.83–1.25)

1.27 (0.93–1.75)

0.26

N cases/controls

126/270

263/473

153/334

78/120

Crude OR

Ref

1.21 (0.93–1.57)

1.01 (0.75–1.35)

1.42 (0.98–2.05)

0.18

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

1.17 (0.90–1.53)

0.91 (0.67–1.23)

1.18 (0.81–1.74)

0.79

Full model^b

Ref

1.11 (0.84–1.47)

0.85 (0.61–1.17)

0.99 (0.66–1.48)

0.55

N cases/controls

384/1164

631/1874

332/907

125/256

Crude OR

Ref

1.07 (0.92–1.24)

1.18 (0.99–1.40)

1.58 (1.23–2.02)

0.00032

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

0.98 (0.84–1.14)

0.95 (0.79–1.13)

1.13 (0.87–1.46)

0.66

Full model^b

Ref

0.99 (0.84–1.16)

0.96 (0.80–1.16)

1.10 (0.84–1.44)

0.72

N cases/controls

184/1164

313/1874

147/907

57/256

Crude OR

Ref

1.01 (0.83–1.23)

0.97 (0.77–1.23)

1.32 (0.94–1.83)

0.28

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

0.97 (0.80–1.19)

0.88 (0.69–1.12)

1.14 (0.81–1.59)

0.94

Full model^b

Ref

0.99 (0.80–1.22)

0.90 (0.70–1.17)

1.14 (0.80–1.61)

0.84

N cases/controls

355/1164

607/1874

314/907

121/256

Crude OR

Ref

1.09 (0.94–1.27)

1.18 (0.98–1.41)

1.61 (1.25–2.07)

0.00029

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

1.00 (0.85–1.17)

0.94 (0.78–1.13)

1.13 (0.87–1.47)

0.71

Full model^b

Ref

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

0.94 (0.78–1.14)

1.10 (0.84–1.45)

0.80

N cases/controls

209/1164

328/1874

167/907

60/256

Crude OR

Ref

0.97 (0.80–1.17)

1.01 (0.81–1.27)

1.29 (0.93–1.76)

0.23

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

0.93 (0.77–1.13)

0.93 (0.74–1.16)

1.13 (0.80–1.56)

0.82

Full model^b

Ref

0.96 (0.79–1.18)

1.00 (0.78–1.27)

1.16 (0.82–1.63)

0.52

N cases/controls

297/689

338/946

106/360

34/75

Crude OR

Ref

0.87 (0.72–1.05)

0.73 (0.56–0.95)

1.13 (0.72–1.73)

0.21

OR adjusted for smoking

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Full model^b

Ref

0.93 (0.76–1.13)

0.78 (0.59–1.03)

1.18 (0.74–1.84)

0.54

N cases/controls

266/452

602/907

371/536

148/178

Crude OR

Ref

1.13 (0.94–1.36)

1.18 (0.96–1.45)

1.41 (1.08–1.85)

0.01

OR adjusted for smoking

Ref

1.11 (0.92–1.33)

1.10 (0.89–1.35)

1.25 (0.95–1.65)

0.13

Full model^b

Ref

1.08 (0.89–1.31)

1.06 (0.86–1.32)

1.19 (0.89–1.58)

0.29