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Table 2 Trends of provided preventive services in patients with and without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Lupus Midwest Network cohort between 2015 and 2020

From: Utilization of preventive services in a systemic lupus erythematosus population-based cohort: a Lupus Midwest Network (LUMEN) study

 

Cumulative incidence, % (95% CI)

 

Preventive servicesa

1 year

3 years

5 years

 
 

SLE

Non-SLE

SLE

Non-SLE

SLE

Non-SLE

HRb (95% CI)

Breast cancer screening

53.4 (46.2–61.6)

55.7 (48.5–64.0)

75.2 (68.9–82.2)

74.3 (67.8–81.4)

79.9 (73.9–86.4)

79.6 (73.3–86.6)

1.09 (0.85–1.39)

Cervical cancer screening

16.0 (12.1–21.2)

18.7 (14.4–24.2)

33.0 (27.7–39.4)

42.1 (36.3–48.8)

45.7 (39.8–52.3)

58.5 (52.4–65.3)

0.75 (0.58–0.96)

Hypertension screening

81.3 (76.3–86.6)

71.8 (66.7–77.3)

95.9 (93.3–98.6)

91.3 (88.0–94.8)

98.2 (96.4–99.9)

97.4 (95.3–99.6)

1.35 (1.13–1.62)

Hyperlipidemia screening

28.4 (23.9–33.9)

26.9 (22.3–32.3)

61.3 (56.1–67.0)

52.5 (47.1–58.5)

72.8 (67.9–78.0)

68.3 (63.0–74.1)

1.16 (0.96–1.41)

Diabetes mellitus screening

84.0 (80.4–87.7)

52.0 (47.2–57.2)

95.9 (93.9–97.9)

77.4 (73.3–81.8)

97.6 (96.1–99.2)

88.8 (85.5–92.2)

2.46 (2.11–2.87)

Osteoporosis screening

11.9 (9.0–15.7)

2.7 (1.5–4.9)

24.8 (20.8–29.7)

8.9 (6.5–12.2)

33.4 (28.8–38.7)

13.1 (10.1–17.0)

3.19 (2.31–4.41)

 Age ≥65 years old

16.5 (10.2–26.7)

5.2 (2.2–12.1)

32.0 (23.5–43.7)

22.0 (15.1–32.2)

39.4 (30.2–51.4)

28.7 (20.9–39.5)

1.65 (1.00–2.73)

 Age <65 years old

10.6 (7.5–14.8)

1.9 (0.9–4.3)

22.7 (18.3–28.2)

4.7 (2.8–7.8)

31.6 (26.5–37.6)

8.1 (5.4–12.0)

5.27 (3.35–8.29)

Glucocorticoid usec

 ≥90 days

12.7 (9.1–17.9)

3.8 (0.6–26.3)

25.2 (20.2–31.6)

11.9 (4.1–34.3)

34.4 (28.7–41.3)

16.1 (6.5–39.5)

2.55 (0.93–6.98)

 <90 days

10.6 (6.6 –17.2)

2.6 (1.4–4.9)

24.2 (18.1–32.4)

8.7 (6.2–12.1)

31.8 (24.9–40.6)

12.9 (9.8–16.9)

3.23 (2.14–4.87)

  1. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio
  2. aBreast cancer screening was evaluated with mammograms; the recommended interval was every 2 years [28, 29]. Cervical cancer screening was evaluated with Pap smears and/or HPV tests; the recommended interval was every 3 years with Pap smear or every 5 years with HPV test [30, 31]. Hypertension screening was evaluated with office measurement of blood pressure; the recommended interval ranges from yearly in those aged 40 years or older or at increased risk, to every 3 to 5 years in those younger than 40 years with an initial normal blood pressure (<130/85 mmHg) and without risk factors [32, 33]. Hyperlipidemia screening was evaluated with the measurement of blood lipids; there was not an established recommended interval [34,35,36]. Diabetes mellitus screening was evaluated with the measurement of blood glucose; the recommended interval was every 3 years [37]. Osteoporosis screening was evaluated with dual X-ray absorptiometry; the recommended interval was uncertain [38, 39]
  3. bCox proportional hazards models at 5 years with adjustment for age, sex, and race; and age and race for women only screenings. The number of patients at risk on each timepoint is shown in supplemental table 5
  4. cAt index date (January 1, 2015)
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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